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dc.contributor.advisor이원준-
dc.contributor.author서아름-
dc.creator서아름-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-26T04:08:50Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-26T04:08:50Z-
dc.date.issued2016-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000122747-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/214635-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000122747-
dc.description.abstractIt is well known that metabolic abnormality is presented by estrogen deficiency when estrogen production decreases after menopause. So many studies that can be alleviated these metabolic anomalies, but it's been circumscribed. Among them, environmental factors that may modify the gene expression by the epigenetic modification such as response to exercise and food intake have been proposed. However, the study on the exact mechanism are lacking. Therefore, this study assume that appearing metabolic abnormalities in menopausal induced rats by ovariectomy surgery. Then, the impacts on the methylation of metabolism related genes and myokines by aerobic exercise and phytoestrogen intake was to proved through epigenetic mechanism. The study used 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley 60 female rats. Subjects who underwent an ovariectomy surgery induced menopause and fat accumulation using high fat dietary. These rats were divided into exercise and non exercise group and then randomly assigned to 6 groups, D.W, Puerariae Radix and Rehmannia glutinosa complex(P400), Estradiol(E2) treatment groups. After pre-adaptation training, exercise was performed on five times a week for 8 weeks. The exercise intensity was gradually increased ran for 30 minutes at 15m/min during 1-4 weeks, 40 minutes at 18m/min during 5-8 weeks in 0% slope. After 24 hours exercising, extracting rats plantaris and accomplishing MassArray for measuring the alternations of DNA methylation in metabolism related genes. In the experimental results, aerobic exercise and substance intake in menopausal rat had significant effects in part to DNA methylation of metabolism related genes and myokines. DNA methylation of the glucose metabolism related gene, GLUT4 was analyzed. As a results, it was confirmed that the interaction effect between exercise and substance intake was observed significant effects through DNA methylation pattern of gene specific CpG site. But there is no significant CpG site exist. And estradiol intake groups methylation significantly reduced in specific CpG sites of Insr compared with the puerariae radix/rehmannia glutinosa complex intake groups. Interaction effects between exercise and substance intake were also significantly presented. On the other hand, DNA methylation of lipid metabolism related genes, PGC1α, and CPT1 did not show significant differences by intake of puerariae radix/rehmannia glutinosa complex, estradiol, and D.W and the presence or absence of exercise in specific CpG sites. In addition, it appeared no interaction effect between exercise and substance intake. However, HSL methylation was partially showed significant differences by the exercise and substance intake. DNA methylation levels of estradiol intake groups were significantly reduced compared to D.W intake groups in specific CpG sites of HSL and no interaction effect between exercise and substance intake. Finally, the study measured DNA methylation levels of myokines that increase the expression in skeletal muscle during exercise. IL-6 methylation levels did not show significant differences by intake of puerariae radix/rehmannia glutinosa complex, estradiol, and D.W and the presence or absence of exercise in specific CpG sites. In addition, it appeared no interaction effect between exercise and substance intake. Whereas BDNF was showed methylation differences between the groups according to the presence or absence of exercise in 7 types of specific CpG positions. Interestingly, exercise groups decreased DNA methylation than non-exercise group in 4 types of specific CpG positions while exercise groups increased DNA methylation than non-exercise group in 3 types of specific CpG positions. Likewise, aerobic exercise and phytoestrogen intake in menopausal rats was investigated how this affects the DNA methylation of metabolism related genes in skeletal muscle. By the way, the significant differences of DNA methylation were only in specific genes and specific CpG position. Therefore, the future study will have to be done why DNA methylation occurs in specific genes, tissues, and positions after performing the same exercise with the substance intake. In particular, BDNF was showed contradictory aspect of the methylation depending on the specific CpG position. So, it will be identified by the future studies.;세계적으로 많은 인구가 증가함에 따라 인간의 기대수명 또한 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 수백만 명의 여성들이 삶의 3분의 1 이상을 폐경 후에 보내게 될 것이다. 폐경은 난소에 의한 에스트로겐 분비 정지를 수반하므로 폐경 후 에스트로겐 생산이 저하되면 에스트로겐 결핍에 의한 대사적 이상 현상들이 나타나게 된다. 따라서 이러한 대사적 이상 현상들을 완화할 수 있는 여러 연구들이 제시되고 있으며, 그 중 식이조절과 운동에 대한 반응과 같이 후성유전학적 변형을 통해 유전자를 변형시킬 수 있는 환경적인 요소들이 제안되고 있다. 그러나 아직 정확한 기전에 대해 밝혀진 바 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 난소적출수술로 폐경이 유도된 쥐에 대사적 이상 현상이 나타날 것이라 가정하고, 갈근 및 지황 섭취와 유산소 운동이 대사 관련 유전자의 메틸레이션에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 후성유전학적 기전으로 규명하고자 한다. 본 실험 결과, 난소적출수술이 유도된 쥐의 운동과 물질 섭취는 대사 관련 유전자와 마이오카인의 DNA 메틸레이션에 부분적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 탄수화물 대사 관련 유전자인 GLUT4의 DNA 메틸레이션을 측정한 결과, 모든 위치에서 유의하지는 않았으나 특정CpG 위치의 DNA 메틸레이션 양상을 통해 운동과 물질간의 상호작용 효과가 유의함을 확인하였다. 또 Insr의 경우 Estradiol을 섭취한 그룹이 갈근/지황 복합물을 섭취한 그룹에 비해 특정 CpG 위치에서 메틸레이션이 유의하게 감소하였으며, 운동과 물질간의 상호작용 효과가 유의하였다. 반면에 지방 관련 대사 유전자인 PGC1α와 CPT1의 DNA 메틸레이션은 갈근/지황 복합물, Estradiol, D.W와 같은 물질의 섭취와 운동의 유무에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았고, 운동과 물질간의 상호작용 효과도 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 HSL은 부분적으로 운동과 물질 섭취에 의해 유의한 차이가 나타났다. HSL의 특정 CpG 위치에서 Estradiol을 섭취한 그룹이 D.W를 섭취한 그룹에 비해 메틸레이션 수치가 유의하게 감소하였으며, 운동 유무에 따른 유의한 효과가 나타났다. 마지막으로 운동 중 골격근에서 발현이 증가하는 마이오카인의 메틸레이션 변화를 측정하였다. IL-6의 경우 어떠한 위치에서도 유의한 효과를 보이지 않았으나, BDNF의 경우 7곳에서 운동 유무에 따라 그룹 간 메틸레이션 차이를 보였다. 흥미롭게도, 4곳에서는 운동 그룹이 운동을 하지 않은 그룹에 비해 메틸레이션 정도가 감소한 반면, 3곳에서는 운동 그룹이 운동을 하지 않은 그룹에 비해 메틸레이션 정도가 증가하는 양상을 보였다.  이처럼 폐경이 유도된 쥐의 유산소 운동과 식물에스트로겐 섭취가 골격근의 대사 관련 유전자들의 DNA 메틸레이션에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보았다. 그 결과, 대사 관련 유전자의 DNA methylation은 운동과 식물에스트로겐에 의해 부분적으로 유의하게 변화하였다. 따라서 DNA methylation은 운동과 식물에스트로겐 섭취에 의한 유전자 발현 변화를 설명하는 하나의 기전이 될 수 있다. 그러나 동일한 운동 수행과 물질 섭취 후 어떠한 기전에 의해 특정 유전자, 특정 조직, 특정 위치에서만 DNA 메틸레이션이 발생하는지, 특히 BDNF의 경우 특정 CpG 위치에 따라 상반된 메틸레이션의 양상을 보이는지 차후 연구를 통해 규명되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsⅠ. Introduction 1 A. Introduction 1 B. Study purpose 4 C. Study issues 4 D. Study hypothesis 5 Ⅱ. Literature review 6 A. Metabolic functions of the estrogen in skeletal muscle 6 B. Metabolic changes caused by exercise and estrogen in menopause 8 1. Metabolic changes caused by exercise and estrogen treatment 8 2. Metabolic changes caused by exercise and phytoestrogen intake 9 C. The effects of exercise on carbohydrate metabolism related gene 11 1. Glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) 11 2. Insulin receptor(Insr) 12 D. The effects of exercise on fat metabolism related gene 15 1. Peroxisome proliferator-activity receptor γ coactivator-1α(PGC-1α) 15 2. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1(CPT1) 17 3. Hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL) 18 E. The effects of exercise on myokines 21 1. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) 21 2. Interleukin-6(IL-6) 22 F. Epigenetic mechanism 24 1. Epigenetic 24 2. DNA Methylation 25 G. Exercise and Epigenetic 27 Ⅲ. Materials and Methods 29 A. Subjects 29 B. Methods 30 1. Exercise protocol 30 2. Analysis methods 30 C. Statistical analysis 33 Ⅳ. Results 34 A. Analysis of specific CpG sites in the promoter region of carbohydrate metabolism related gene in skeletal muscle 34 1. GLUT4 promoter methylation pattern 34 2. Insr promoter methylation pattern 35 B. Analysis of specific CpG sites in the promoter region of fat metabolism related genes in skeletal muscle 38 1. PGC1α promoter methylation pattern 38 2. CPT1a promoter methylation pattern 38 3. HSL promoter methylation pattern 39 C. Analysis of specific CpG sites in the promoter region of myokines in skeletal muscle 42 1. BDNF promoter methylation pattern 42 2. IL-6 promoter methylation pattern 46 Ⅴ. Discussion and Conclusion 47 Reference 53 국문초록 64-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent5878416 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc700-
dc.titleThe effects of aerobic exercise and phytoestrogen intake on DNA methylation of metabolic genes in ovariectomized rat skeletal muscle-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.title.translated폐경기 쥐의 유산소 운동과 식물에스트로겐 섭취가 골격근의 후성유전학적 기전에 미치는 영향-
dc.creator.othernameSeo, Areum-
dc.format.pagevi, 66 p.-
dc.contributor.examiner박승하-
dc.contributor.examiner홍은아-
dc.contributor.examiner이원준-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major대학원 체육과학과-
dc.date.awarded2016. 2-
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