韓國都市의 地方財政에 關한 地理學的 考察

Abstract

地方財政은 一定 地域을 기초로, 各 地域의 目的과 利益, 福祉를 增進시키기 위해 地方政府에 의해 運營된다. 따라서, 地域에 따라 각기 다른 特性을 나타낸다. 本 論文은 우리나라 各 都市의 地方財政의 規模와 自立度의 趨勢 그리고 都市經濟와의 關聯性을 밝히고, 地方財政 歲出에 따른 都市의 特色을 地理的인 觀點에서 考察하였다. 硏究地域은 서울을 除外한 우리나라 39個 都市로 하였으며, 內務府 地方局의 資料를 基礎로, 文獻 硏究와 資料의 統計分析및 地圖化를 하였다. 硏究結果, 우리나라 都市의 地方財政은 그 規模가 점차 增加하고 있으며, 自立度도 높아지고 있다. 또한 都市의 地方財政 規模는 그 都市의 經濟力과 相鬪關係가 높아, 地方財政 規模가 地域의 經濟力를 反映하고 있다. 都市別 地方歲出 要因의 分析에서, 財政規模가 크고, 自立度가 높은 都市들은 그 指向하는 機能에 있어 5개의 要因에 각기 特色을 나타낸다. 要因Ⅰ은 大都市化指向 要因으로, 釜山, 大邱, 仁川, 光州, 大田, 城南, 全州, 淸州, 馬山, 蔚山등의 都市에서 높게 나타나며, 要因Ⅱ는 水産이나 觀光指向 要因으로, 麗水, 釜山, 仁川, 蔚山, 濟州, 慶州 , 光州, 龜尾에서, 要因Ⅲ은 農業이나 民防衛指向 要因이며, 大邱, 光州, 龜尾, 仁川, 議政府, 江陵, 慶州, 全州, 淸州, 蔚山, 浦項에서 높다. 要因Ⅳ는 商工業指向 要因으로, 大邱, 仁川, 天安, 水原, 富川, 安養, 馬山에서 높고, 要因Ⅴ는 都市計劃指向 要因이며, 水原, 春川, 原州, 全州, 馬山, 群山, 濟州, 蔚山, 光州, 城南에서 높게 나타난다. 이외에 財政規模가 작고 自立度가 낮거나, 新興都市인 束草, 忠州, 堤川, 木浦, 順川, 金泉, 榮州, 晋川, 鎭海, 三千浦, 昌原, 東海등은 要因分析에서 특정 機能指向的 特色을 보이지 않는다.;This thesis attempts to study the size and growth of the local government finance of the Korean cities and it's relation-ship to urban economy, and to anatyze the characteristics of each city in terms of budget expenditure from geographical view-point. The study area is 39 cities of Korea excluding Seoul. The data. the budget expenditures of the local governments, was obtained from the Ministry of Home Affairs and analyzed by the method of factor analysis. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The local government finances of Korean cities grow in the size and become more independent. 2) The local government finance is highly related to the urban economy, so it can be considered as the reflections of the economical capacities of the cities. 3) As a result of the factor analysis, five factors are obtained. Factor Ⅰ is Metropolitan oriented factor. It is correlated with Busan, Daegu, Incheon, Gwangju, Daejeon, Seongnam, Jeonju, Cheongju, Masan, ana Ulsam. Factor Ⅱ is Fishery of Tourism oriented factor, and it is correlated with Yeosu, Busan, Incheon, Ulsan, Gyeongju, Jeju, Gwangju, and Gumi. Factor Ⅲ is Agriculture or Givil defence oriented factor and it is ocrrelated with Daegu, Gwangju, Incheon, Euijeongbu, Gangreung, Gyeongju, Jeonju, Cheongju, Ulsan and Pohange. Factor Ⅳ is Commerce and Industry oriented factor and it is correlated with Daegu, Incheon, Cheonan, Suweon, Bucheon, Anyang and Masan. Factor Ⅴ is City planning oriented factor. It is correlated with Suweon, Chuncheon, Weonju, Jeonju, Masan, Gunsan, Jeju, Ulsan, Gwangju and Seongnam. No characteristics were found in the other cities such as Sogcho, Chungju, Jechon, Mogpo, Suncheon, Gimcheon, Yeongju, Jinju, Jinhae, Samcheonpo, Change-weon and Donghae, because they have relatively low financial independence and finance of small size or are newly developed cities.