비만아의 형태발육 및 생활환경의 특성에 관한 조사연구

Abstract

最近, 社會經濟水準의 향상과 더불어 營養過多와 運動不足등에 기인하는 肥滿兒數가 증가하고 있으며 , 또한 肥滿兒에 대해 연구하는 것은 아동의 身體的 健康의 측면에서 뿐만아니라 외모나 운동능력에 대한 열등감이 문제시 될 수 있으므로 精神健康의 측면에서도 의의 있는 일이라 하겠다. 따라서, 本 硏究는 서울시 강남구내 일부 국민학교 4,5,6학년 아동 1421명을 대상으로 하여 營養指數에 준한 비만실태를 파악하고, 肥滿群과 -般群으로 구분하여 身長, 體重, 胸圍, 座高에 따른 形態發育狀態를 알아보며, 비만과 家庭環境, 疾病狀況, 食習慣 및 間食狀況, 運動狀況, 餘暇利用狀況, 용돈利用狀況, 肥滿에 대한 認識 및 初經與否 와의 關係를 파악하는데 目的을 두고 시도되었다. 硏究의 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 兒童期의 비만판정에 적합한 지수 선정을 위해 體脂肪量과 Ro¨hrer Index, Body Mass Index, Relative Weight와의 關聯性을 본 결과 Ro¨hrer index와 體脂肪量과의 상관계수가 0.90915로 가장 높게 나타났다. 2. 대상자의 肥滿實態는 Ro¨hrer Index로 보았을 때 10.8%( 남 13. 9% 여 7. 5%)었고, Body Mass Index로는 21.0%( 남 25. 3% 여 16. 5%)였으며, Relative Weight로는 36. 7%( 남 38.6% 여 34.8% )로 男兒가 女兒보다 肥滿率이 높았다. 3. 形態發育에 있어서 肥滿群이 一般群에 비해 身長에서는 1-3㎝, 體重에서는 11-l6㎏, 胸圍는 11-l4㎝, 座高는 2㎝정도 더 높게 나타났으며, 표준득점화해서 비교해 보았을 때 肥滿群은 身長과 座高에 비해 體重과 胸違의 發育이 현저한 발육상 불균형을 보였다. 4. 肥滿群과 一般群間의 家庭環境 狀態의 비교에서는 보호자의 직업에 대해 두군간의 차이가 있었으며 (P[O.05), 食習慣에 있어서는 肥滿群이 화가 낮을 때 먹는 것으로 해소하는 경향이 높았고, 餘暇利用에서는 비만군이 실외활동 선호율이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 5. 비만에 관한 인식에 대해서 肥滿群의 25%는 자신이 비만임을 자각하지 못하고 있었으며 뚱뚱한 체격으로 고민해본 경험유무에 있어서 肥滿群의 39.29% 고민해본 경험이 없다고 응답하였다. 6. 體重減量을 위해 운동을 하거나 식사량을 조절한 경험이 없는 경우도 肥滿群의 43.27%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 7. 女兒의 初經與否에 있어서 肥滿群은 19.15%가 初經을 했다고 응답했거나 一般群은 9.54%에 불과해 肥滿群 女兒가 성성숙이 더 빠른 것으로 나타났다.; This study was carried out against 1421 students in the fourth, fifth and the sixth grades of several elementary schools in Kang-nam Gu, Seoul, to grasp the obesity situation in accordance with the nutritive index to investigate the growth situations corresponding to standing heights, body weights, chest girths, sitting heights in the obesity group and the general group respectively and to examine the family circumstances, disease state, the dietary habit, eating state between meals, exercise state, state of menu usage, using state of pocket money, the consciousness of obesity and menache which are related with obesity. The results of this study were as followed. 1. From the result of the study of the relationship in the body fat content, Rohrer Index, Body Mass Index, Relative Weight for the selection of the proper index in the determination of the obesity of childhood, the coefficient between RI and body fat content was the highst. 0.90915 and BMI, RW were followed in their orders. 2. The obesity rate of the subject of study was 10.8 percents (boy 13.9 percents, girl 7.5 percents) in the case of RI, 21.0 percents (boy 25.3 percents, girl 16.5 percents) and 36.7 percents (boy 38.6 percents, girl 34.8 percents) in the case of RW and therefore the obesity ratio of boy was higher than that of girl. 3. In the physical growth, the obesity group was superior in standing height by 1-3 cm, body weight by 11-16 Kg, chest girth by 11-14 cm, sitting height by 2 cm to those of general group and in body weight and chest girth, there was significant differnce statistically (p[0.01), and when they were compared by equal scale, H-score, the obesity group showed prominent disproportion in phisical growth state of body weight and chest girth. 4. In the comparison of the state of family circumstance between the obesity group and the general group, the occupation of parents had differences(p[0.05) between two groups, and in the case of dietary habit, the item whether the angry would be dissolved by eating showed differences(p[0.05). In the case of eating habit between meals showed differences in the frequency of eating and in the case of using of the menu showed differences in the preference of outdoor action(p[0.05). 5. In the consciousness of obesity, the 25 percents of obesity group didn't think that they were obese in the experience of worry about their obese body, the 60.71 percents of obesity group answered that they were worried about that. 43.07 percents of obesity group had not the experience of doing exercise and the controlling of exercise amount for the control of body weights. 6. In the case of menache of girl students, 19.15 percents of obesity group experienced it, but the general group showed 9.54 percents of it.