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dc.contributor.advisor이공주-
dc.contributor.author이은선-
dc.creator이은선-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-26T11:08:07Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-26T11:08:07Z-
dc.date.issued2009-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000051609-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/201843-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000051609-
dc.description.abstractNm23 is a housekeeping enzyme catalyzing transfer of the terminal phosphates from nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) to nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) and a putative tumor metastasis suppressor. Overexpression of cellular Nm23-H1 has been well correlated with decreased metastasis potential in specific cancer including breast, melanoma, colon, and oral squamous cancer cells. However, the molecular relationships between Nm23 expression level and metastasis potential are not well understood. Our previous results showed that oxido-reductions of cellular Nm23 regulate the enzymatic activity by changing the quaternary structure. Also Nm23 plays a role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway. This study tried to explain the molecular mechanism of Nm23 by examining the molecular changes of Nm23 and the downstream of Nm23 with proteomic analysis. Cellular expression levels of Nm23 were significantly increased by H₂O₂ treatment. Also Cys109 of Nm23, not active site, is responsible to regulate the enzyme activity and metastasis by oxidative modifications including intra- and inter-disulfide bonds. Intriguingly, several novel PTMs of endogenous Nm23 were observed at Cys109 including glutathionylations and various modifications by nanoLC-ESI-q-TOF tandem MS. These results suggest that Cys109 plays a crucial role in the response to oxidative stress. To examine the target molecules of Nm23, breast cancer cell lines having differential metastatic potentials, MCF7 and MDA-MD231 cells with different expression of Nm23 levels, were employed for proteomics analysis. Proteomic results demonstrated that Nm23 expression level changes in breast cancer cells regulated the expression of ROS-regulatory proteins including peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin-like protein, GST, etcs. This study suggests that Nm23-H1 regulated by Cys109 oxidation modulates the tumor metastasis depending on NDP kinase activity and active cysteine. The results will give us the clues on understanding the regulatory mechanism of Nm23 as a tumor suppressor.;암전이 억제 단백질로 알려진 Nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK, Nm23)는 세포 내에서nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)의 말단 인산기를 nucleoside diphosphate (NDP)로 이동시켜 주는 효소의 기능도 하고 있다. 과 발현된Nm23-H1는 유방암, 흑색종, 결장암, 구강 암 등에서 암 전이를 억제한다고 밝혀졌다. 그러나 Nm2의 조절 기전에 대해서는 자세히 밝혀져 있지 않다. 이전 연구에서 우리는 Nm23의 NDP kinase기능이 cysteine 잔기의 산화에 의해 파괴되고, NADPH-thioredoxin reductase-thioredoxin system 에 의해 환원됨으로써 회복되는 것을 알게 되었다. 또한 Nm23가 ROS 신호전달 과정에서 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 Nm23의 조절되는 기전을 찾기 위해, Nm23의 분자적 변화를 확인하고 단백질 분석을 통해 Nm23의 downstream을 찾는 노력을 하였다. Nm23의 cysteine 109번 잔기는 H₂O₂ 에 의해 disulfide bond를 만들고 NDP kinase기능 조절에 영향을 미친다. 흥미롭게도 endogenous Nm23의 modification이 대부분 cysteine 109번 잔기에서 발견이 되었다. Nano-liquid chromatography가 부착된 ESI-q-TOF tandem MS를 이용하였으며 glutathionylation, nitrosyl, cyano, cysteinyl, trioxidation 등이 확인되었다. 이 결과는 cysteine 109번 잔기가 산화적 스트레스의 반응에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 말해준다. 또한 Nm23의 target molecule을 찾기 위하여 유방암 세포인 MCF 7과 MDA-MB-231에서 Nm23의 발현 양에 따라 발현 양이 변화되는 단백질을 분석하였다. 그 결과 Nm23이 ROS 관련 단백질인 peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin-like protein, GST 등을 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 Nm23의 암 전이를 억제하는 능력은 NDP kinase기능과 active cysteine에 의해 영향을 받는다는 것을 알게 되었다. 동시에 NDP kinase activity는 actine stress fiber의 형성을 억제하여, 이러한 결과는 암 전이를 억제하는Nm23의 조절 기전을 이해하는데 중요한 단서를 줄 것이다.-
dc.description.tableofcontents1. INTRODUCTION = 1 2. MATERIALS & METHOD = 11 2.1. Materials & instruments = 11 2.2. Cell Cultures = 12 2.3. Transient transfection = 12 2.4. RNA interference = 13 2.5. Immunoblotting = 13 2.6. Immunoprecipitation = 14 2.7. NDP kinase activity assay = 14 2.8. In vitro cell migration assay = 14 2.9. Confocal microscopy = 15 2.10. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis = 15 2.11. Sample preparation for mass spectrometry analysis = 16 2.12. Analysis of protein by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry = 16 2.13. Peptide sequencing by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry = 17 3. RESULTS = 19 PART I - Nm23 plays a crucial role in the response to oxidative stress = 19 3.1. Nm23-H1 and Nm23-H2 respond to oxidative stress = 19 3.2. Nm23-H1 is easily oxidized to disulfide formation by hydrogen peroxide treatment = 21 3.3. Stability of NDP kinase activity is regulated by oxidation of cysteine109 = 21 3.4. Cys 109 of Nm23-H1 is easily modified includiong gutathionylation = 23 3.5. Cys109 of Nm23-H1 is glutathionylation by oxidized glutathione in vitro = 26 PART II - Nm23-H1 inhibits metastasis in breast cancer by regulating expression of other proteins = 38 3.6. Nm23-H1 inhibits cell migration in breast cancer cells = 38 3.7. Cellular levels of Nm23-H1 affect expression of other proteins = 42 PART III - Ability of Nm23-H1 as a tumor metastasis suppressor is regulated by NDP kinase activity and active cysteine = 50 3.8. NDP kinase activity is crucial to reduce the cell motility = 50 3.9. Nm23-H1 and F-actin were colocalized depending on NDP kinase activity = 53 4. DISCUSSION = 56 5. REFERENCES = 60 국문초록 = 65-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent7997169 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.titleMolecular Mechanism of Nm23 in Tumor Metastasis-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.format.pageⅴ, 65 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major대학원 생명·약학부약학전공-
dc.date.awarded2009. 2-
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