住宅形態에 따른 都市 主婦들의 食品攝取 實態에 關한 硏究

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the tendency of the food intake of the housewives classified by their residential types; i.e., those living in individual house areas and those living in apartment areas. To meet this point, there carried out investigations into the realities of the food supply, the choice of food, and its intake conditions. The results from this study a re as follows: A. Conditons related to the purchase of food for supply. For the food purchasing conditions, I surveyed the distance from the house to the market place, the types of market place, and the types of the food purchased. As a whole, individual house dwellers used to buy food at nearby retail markets and the apartment dwellers at supermarkets in their compounds. Apartment dwellers tend to buy more processed and ready prepared food than the individual house dwellers do. B. Tendency of food choice classified by the age groups and the residential types of the housewives. The result of this study showed that the tendency of food choice differed according to the age groups and the groups and the residential types of the housewives. In the case of the staple food, there found sound contrast between the apartment dwellers and the individual house dwellers. It turned out that the individual house dwellers preferred rice and other kinds of cereals, whereas the apartment dwellers preferred noodle and bread, when compared with each other. Apartment dwellers also favoured processed food and between-meals more than their individual house dwelling counterparts. When studied the nutritious state of the food taken, apartment dwelling thirties appeared the most balanced in their food intake. C. An analysis of the food intake as for the food groups Apartment dwelling housewives were taking more amount of food than their individual house counterparts. Seen according to the age groups, the twenties till the forties were taking more or less the same amount of food, however, the fifties were slowed down to take less. Apartment dwellers were taking more animal protein than the individual house dwellers. D. Analysis of the food intake as for the nutritional factors. Apartment dwellers were taking the food of better quality than their counterparts of individual houses. Considered the ratio of the three basic nutritional factors, the individual house dwellers were taking comparatively more carbohydrate and the apartment dwellers more fat. Considered the age groups, the twenties were getting more of carbohydrate, and the thirties and forties were getting more of fat. Housewives in fifties were getting the least ratio of fat, at the same time, the forties were getting the highest ratio of protein. There were comparatively more undernourished housewives among the individual house dwellers than among the apartment dwellers, in general.;本 硏究는 서울시내 單獨住宅에 거주하는 主婦와 아파트에 거주하는 主婦들의 食餌攝取 實態와 選擇하는 食品을 調査해서 住宅形態가 主婦의 食生活에 미치는 影響을 파악하는데 目的이 있다. 서울시내에 아파트 主婦 100名과 單獨住宅의 主婦 100名, 總200名을 對象으로 24時間 記憶方法에 의해 面接法으로 調査하였다. 調査資料는 주로 百分率로 정리되었으며 住宅構造別 및 主婦의 年齡別로 나누었다. 食餌攝取 實態의 結果는 食品分析表를 引用하여 營養素攝取量을 계산하였으며 營養狀態의 判定은 熱量, 蛋白質, 鐵分, 리보플라빈에 對하여 Beaton의 方法을 적용했다. 以上의 結果를 要約해 보면, 單獨住宅의 主婦들은 주로 가까운 小賣市場을 利用했고 아파트의 主婦들은 단지내의 슈퍼마켙을 利用한 것으로 나타났다. 아파트의 主婦가 單獨住宅의 主婦보다 손질된 食品을 購入하는 경우가 많았다. 住宅形態와 年齡에 따라 선택하는 食品의 種類와 頻度에 있어서 차이가 있었고 아파트와 單獨住宅의 主婦가 選擇하는 主食의 種類는 비슷했으나 主食의 選擇頻度에 있어서는 單獨住宅의 主婦는 밥의 選擇頻度가 높았고 아파트의 主婦는 單獨住宅의 主婦보다 국수와 빵의 選擇頻度가 높았다. 또한 아파트의 主婦가 單獨住宅의 主婦보다 加工食品의 使用頻度와 間食의 攝取比率이 높았다. 主婦의 年齡別로 hs 基礎食品群 점수 분포를 보면 아파트의 30代主婦가 가장 高得點者가 많아 다른 年齡의 主婦보다 均衡된 食生活을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 아파트의 主婦와 單獨住宅의 食品攝取量은 비슷했으며 年齡에 있어서는 20∼40代의 主婦는 攝取量에서 큰 差異는 없었지만 50代가 되면서 攝取量이 줄어 들었다. 動物性 食品의 攝取 比率은 아파트의 主婦가 單獨住宅의 主婦보다 높았다. 그리고 아파트의 主婦가 單獨住宅의 主婦보다 영양소 섭취상태가 우수했으며 3代 熱量素의 攝取 比率을 보면 單獨住宅의 主婦보다는 아파트의 主婦가 좀 더 均衡的이었고 연령별로는 40代의 主婦가 가장 균형적이었다. 營養狀態의 判定 結果를 보면 熱量과 蛋白質, 鐵分, 리보플라빈의 缺乏者數에서 單獨住宅의 主婦數가 아파트의 主婦數보다 더 많았다.