父母와의 同一化가 自我同一性에 미치는 影響

Abstract

本 硏究는 Erikson의 心理·社會的 自我發達理論에서 중점적으로 다루어지고 있는 自我同一性과, 이에 중요한 영향을 미치리라 생각되는 또다른 發達變因인 父母와의 同一化間의 關係를 살펴보고자 하였다. 특히 자아동일성에 관한 지금까지의 관련 연구를 토대로, 이 變因의 複合性 및 性格次元과의 관련성을 假定하고 이를 究明하고자 하였다. 이에따라 細分된 문제는 다음과 같다. 1. 自我同一性과 이에 관련이 있다고 생각되는 性格次元은 실제 어떠한 관계를 맺고 있는가? 2. 父母-子女間의 知覺된 類似性 및 實際類似性으로 측정된 同性의 父母와의 同一化는 각각 水準·男女·學年의 高低에 따라 全般的인 自我同一性에 어떠한 差異를 가져오는가? 3. 만약 차이가 있다면, 同一化는 自我同一性의 7個要因에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 이를 위해 本 연구에서는 99명의 男子大學生과 117명의 女子大學生을 대상으로 하여, M.Howard Dignan이 제작한 自我同一性 檢査와, 5個 性格次元을 측정하기 위한 形容詞 첵크리스트, 동일화를 측정하기 위한 意味分析尺度를 실시하였다. 그리고 實際 類似性 點數를 얻기위하여, 對象學生들의 父母 가운데 男學生의 아버지 76명과 女學生의 어머니 66名에게 意味分析尺度를 실시하였다. 本 硏究의 結果 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 자아동일성의 自我感과 自我受容은 性格次元의 該當特性과 상관을 보여주고 그 외에도 두변인의 構成要因間에 어느정도의 상관이 發見됨으로써, 自我同一性構因의 複合性 및 性格次元과의 聯關性이 部分的으로 立證되었으나 自我同一性檢査의 實用을 위해서는 信賴度와 妥當度에 대한 좀더 充分한 檢證이 要求된다. 2. 知覺된 類似性으로 測定된 同姓의 父母와의 同一化는 全般的으로 自我同一性과 正的인 直線關係를 가진다. 水準뿐만 아니라 學年의 高低에 따라서도 自我同一性에 有意한 차이가 있다. 그 반면 實際 類似性으로 測定된 同一化水準 및 性·學生에 따라 自我同一性에 有意한 差異를 찾아볼 수 없었다. 3. 同一化는 7個 自我同一性要因가운데 특히 安定性·自我受容·自我志向性의 발달에 많은 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각된다. 本 硏究의 미비한 점은 첫째, 自我同一性 檢査의 妥當度에 대한 充分한 事前檢討가 없었다는 점, 둘째, 同一化水準의 결정요인이 될 수 있는 父母-子女間의 關係와 이에따른 同一化 類型을 考慮하지 못했다는 점, 셋째, 資料分析에 있어서 좀더 細部的으로 다루지 못했다는 점등을 들수있다. 本硏究의 意義는 젊은이들이 자신을 再定義해야하는 重大한 發達課題에서, 保姆가 갖는 意味를 强調함으로써, 新賴價値, 意味體系 및 社會規範과의 갈등을 조금이라도 해소할 수 있는 可能性을 提示해주고자 했다는 點과, 自我同一性이라는 假說的인 槪念을 客觀的인 方法으로 究明하려 함으로써, 젊은이들의 行動을 이해하는데 實際로 有用한 槪念으로 쓰일 수 있도록 試圖한 點에 있다고 보겠다.;This study was attempted to investigate the effect of parental identification on ego identity in college students within the framework of Erikson's psychosocial theory of ego development. In recent years, a few studies have presented empirical evidence for the construct validation of ego identity by dealing with various correlates of ego, identity, and thus suggested that this construct can be thought of in terms of personality dimensions as well as the complex of self-referent images. Therefore, in consideration of the complex dimensions of ego identity, it was assumed that parental identification in childhood, indicated by shared meanings between parents of same sex, would contribute not only to overall sense of ego identity but also to its various compound elements. Based upon such assumption the follow inc problems have been handled: 1. what relationships are there between the compound elements of ego identity and five dimensions of personality assumed to be relevant to ego identity? 2. What differences are there in overall ego identity by the levels of identification with parents of same sex(assumed similarity and real similarity to father or mother), sex, and classes? 3. What effects does parental identification have upon the compound elements of ego identity? 99 male students and 117 female students, who ranged in class from freshman to senior, were included in the sample for this study, and. for the measurement of real similarity to a same-sex parent responses from 76 fathers and 66 mothers were used. The tests administered to the students were: the go Identity Scale devised by Dignan, an Adjective Check List to measure 5 dimensions of personality, and the Semantic Differential to determine parental identification. Among these three tests, only the last one was administered to their parents. The findings are as follows: 1. The significant and positive relationships were found between Sense of Self from the Ego Identity Scale and the relevant dimension of personality from an Adjective Check List, and between two Self Acceptance scores from the Ego Identity Scale and an Adjective Check List. Thus, partial evidence for the construct validation of ego identity was presented. Besides, the relevancy of personality dimensions to ego identity was partially confirmed by several correlations between the compound elements of two variables. However, for purposes of research, the Ego Identity Scale needs more sufficient reliability and validity. 2. In general, measured by assumed similarity, identification with a same-sex parent showed a positive linear relationship to overall ego identity. Moreover, there were significant differences in ego identity by classes, but not by sex. On the other hand, measured by real similarity, the levels of identification, sex, and classes produced little differences in ego identity. 3. It seems that identification contributes to a confident self perceptions of one's self as having elf Acceptance, Stability, and Goal Directedness, but appears to be inversely related to Uniqueness. The deficiencies of this study seem to lie in the incomplete prior examination of the validity of the Ego Identity Scale, the lack of full consideration of the kinds of parent-child relationship and the types of identification as determinants of identification levels, and the less detailed analysis of the data. For all these limitations, it was suggested that parents still play an important role in the developmental task of the youths to redefine themselves, and ego identity concept can be dealt objectively to permit its usefulness in understanding behaviors of the youths.