女敎師採用忌避 現象과 關聯된 敎員의 意識

Abstract

Demand for secondary school teachers increases with multiplication of educational population. Since men tend to leave their teaching position in secondary school and authorities hesitate to recruit female teachers, however, the shortage of secondary school teachers become serious problem. The purpose of this research is to explore why secondary school authorities hesitate to appoint female teachers and to study how appropriately could let women play their role in teaching in secondary school. For the purpose, a field survey has been done through questionnaires. Respondents were secondary school teachers, including principals and deputy principals in Seoul. Systematic random sample was taken from teachers' lists of 50 secondary schools in four Seoul school districts. One principal and 1 deputy principal and 8 teachers in each school were interviewed through visit. The reasons why sample was taken in Seoul are as follows : First, Seoul is the center for secondary school education : Second, women is Seoul have initiated and are initiating women's participation in secondary school teaching : Third, authorities of private secondary school in Seoul hold appointment power of teachers. Total response rate is 91 %, which is very high. Fourth-one principals out of 50, 39 deputy principals of 50, and 375 of 400 teachers returned their completed questionnaires. The questionnaires were designed to elicit some information on the following matters. 1. Female teachers' attitude toward their job. 2. Their teaching ability and aptitude. 3. Their educational philosophy. 4. School authorities' understanding about female teachers. From five to seven questions derived from each matter were derected to the respondents. The results were classified into four categories below. 1. Teacher's response with sexual distinction to each question. 2. School administrators and teachers' response to each question. 3. Married or unmarried female teachers' response to each question. 4. Teachers' response with age distribution to each question. The results of interviews were analyzed in the form of table and for a case study, direct interviews with secondary school teachers have been also conducted. The result of this study shows that there are three major reasons why the school authorities hesitate to recruit teachers from women. First, male teachers who have played major role in secondary school education in Korea have strong bias against female teachers. Second, female teachers in general have shown their tendency not'to entirely devote themselves to their job and unmarried female teachers in particular have also tendency to take teaching job as temporary one which is useful for only before marriage. Third, there have totally lacked facilities and benefits for female teachers in school. In conclusion, in order to improve the teaching situation for women, in school. First of all, men and school administrators' bias should be eroded and unmarried female teachers ought to have a through sense of duty and then government should provide better educational system for female teachers, and last school authorities have to make better facilities and benefits for them.;人口의 팽창과 人口의 팽창과 더불어 敎育人口가 急增하고 있으므로 敎師의 需要가 날로 增加하고 있는 요즈음, 男子들은 敎職을 忌避하고 있어 女敎師 採用이 불가피 한데도 불구하고 女敎師 採用을 忌避하는 것은 敎師不足을 더욱 其하게 하는 結果를 초래하게 된다. 따라서, 본 硏究의 目的은 中等學校에 있어서 女敎師 採用을 忌避하는 原因을 파악하여, 女子의 敎育界 進出에 도움을 주려는 데 있다. 本 硏究에서 女敎師 採用忌避의 原因을 調査하기 爲하여 서울 市內 私立中等學校의 校長 및 校監, 그리고 一般 男女敎師들을 調査對象으로 하였다. 서울 市內 私立中等學校 敎員을 調査對象으로 한 理由는 公立學校는 人間權이 아직 學校 經營者에 있고, 또 서울이 敎育의 中心地이며 敎育이 女性化 傾向의 선구적 役割을 담당해 왔고 앞으로도 그러할 것이라고 期待하기 때문이다. 本 硏究의 方法은, 서울 市內 私立中等學校의 校長, 校監, 一般男女敎師를 對象으로 質問紙에 應答하도록 하여 이를 統計處理 하였는데 서울 市內 4個 學群(東部, 西部, 南部, 北部)으로 나누어 50個校를 골고루 無作爲 選定하여 各 學校에서 校長, 校監, 그리고 8名씩의 男女敎師를 出勤簿順으로 適當히 간격을 두어 選定했다. 質問紙는 總 500枚를 配付했으나, 455枚가 회수되어(校長41名, 校監39名, 男女敎師375名) 회수율은 91%가 된다. 本 硏究에서, 調査에 必要한 問題들을 다음 4個項으로 分類하였다. 1. 女敎師의 一般的 勤務態度 2. 女敎師의 能力과 適性 3. 女敎師의 敎職觀 4. 女敎師에 對한 學校當局의 理解 위의 4個項目에 適合한 具體的 質問을 5個 내지 7個씩 作成하여 실시했는데 이에 對한 反應을 다음과 같이 分類하여 整理하였다. 1. 各問項에 對한 全體敎員의 男女別 反應 2. 各問項에 對한 敎育行政家와 平敎師의 反應 3. 各問項에 對한 女敎師의 旣婚·未婚別 反應 4. 各問項에 對한 敎師의 年齡別 反應 위 各各의 反應의 結果를 解釋하여 表와 상세히 소개했다. 그리고, 敎師와 直接 面接하여 敎育現場에서의 事例를 소개하였다. 調査 結果에서 나타난 것은 女敎師 忌避의 重要한 原因을 세가지로 要約할 수 있다. 첫째는, 우리 나라 敎育의 主勢力이 되는 南敎師 自身들의 女敎師에 對한 그릇된 偏見이며, 둘째로는, 女敎師 特히 未婚女敎師들이 積極的으로 敎職에 투신하지 못하고 學校를 結婚前의 一時的 待期所로 생각하고 敎職에 임하고 있다는데 問題가 있으며, 셋째는. 制度的으로 女敎師 採用을 권장할 수 있게 되어 있지 못하며, 女敎師를 爲한 特別한 施設이나 편의가 提供되어야 하는데 그렇지 못한데 問題가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로, 女敎師 採用이 확대되기 爲하여는 學校 管理職과 男敎師들의 偏見이 불식되어야 하고, 未婚 女敎師들의 使命感이 더욱 투철해야하며, 政府當局의 積極的인 制度的 뒷받침과 學校當局의 女敎師를 爲한 施設과 便宜 提供에 있어 特別한 配慮가 要請된다.