韓國어머니의 育兒慣行에 관한 一硏究

Abstract

Ⅰ. 硏究의 目的 및 問題 本 硏究는 韓國 어머니들의 育兒 慣行의 失態를 調査, 硏究하고 이를 發達心理學的인 立場에서 考察해 보려는 것이었다. 本 硏究는 어린이를 키우고 있거나 키운 일이 있는 어머니 307名을 對象으로 성장의 가장 초기에 해당하는 生後 0세~2세의 어린이들에게, 어머니들이 행하고 있는 養育 및 訓練에 관한 제반 慣行의 失態를 알아봄으로써 乳·幼兒의 發達의 모습을 理解하려 하였다. 本 硏究의 目的을 達成하기 위하여 다음과 같은 具體的인 目標를 選定하였다. 1. 우리나라 어머니들의 育兒 慣行의 失態는 어떠한가? 2. 이러한 育兒 慣行은 居住地域에 따라 어떠한 差가 있는가? 3. 父母들의 敎育程度에 따라 어떠한 差가 있는가? Ⅱ. 硏究의 方法 本 硏究는 文獻硏究와 調査硏究로 이루어졌는데 調査硏究는 面接을 통한 質問紙法을 使用하였다. 資料處理는 蒐集된 資料를 集計한 後에 이를 다시 地域別, 父母의 敎育育程度別로 分析 檢討한 後에 百分率(%)과 그밖의 差의 有意度를 χ^(2)검증법에 의해 검증하였다. Ⅲ. 硏究의 結果 本 硏究의 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 分娩 場所 韓國 어머니들의 반이 약간 넘는 수가 아기를 病院(55.4%)에서 分娩하고 있으며, 大都市(79.1%)로 갈수록, 敎育程度(90.3%)가 높을수록 대부분 病院에서 分娩하고 있다. 2. 授乳 전체의 75.9%가 母乳를 使用하고 있으며, 敎育程度가 높을수록, 大都市로 갈수록 牛乳를 使用하는 수가 增加하고 있다. 授乳方法에 있어서는 時間制 授乳(47.6%)나 要求에 의한 授乳(51.6%)가 별 차이가 없으나 大都市로 갈수록, 敎育程度가 높아질수록 時間을 규칙적으로 定해 놓고 授乳하는 傾向이 있다. 3. 離乳 離乳開始期를 보면 地域別과 敎育程度의 差와 관계없이 거의 1年이 지나서 始作됨을 알 수가 있으며 젖떼는 속도의 期間에 있어서는 小都市일수록 빨리 떼는 傾向이 있다. 젖을 떼는 方法으로는 전체의 41%가 다른 음식을 대신 주며, 40.2%가 藥을 바르고 있고, 大都市일수록 다른 음식을 주며, 小都市일수혹 藥을 바르고, 敎育程度가 높을수록 藥을 바르는 수가 減少하고 있는 傾向이다. 離乳食으로는 밥(26.8%)을 많이 주고 있었다. 4. 아기 달래는 方法 아기 달래는 方法으로서, 大都市의 경우는 안아서 아기를 달래며(39.1%), 小都市일수록, 敎育程度가 낮아 질수록 젖을 물리고 있다. 5. 排泄訓練 大小便 訓練은 10개월이 지나서 始作하는 것이 보통이나 3~6개월 사이에 訓練을 시키는 어머니(21.6%)도 상당수가 있으며, 大小便 訓練은 地域別과 敎育程度別 관계없이 말로 야단치는 傾向이 있으나 訓練後에 가리지 못할 경우에는 大都市일수록 身體的인 처벌 대신에 言語에 의한 질책을 하고 小都市일수록 이와 반대의 態度를 가지는 傾向이 있다. 아기의 기저귀는 80.8%의 어머니가 젖을 時間이 되면 자꾸만 풀어 본다고 反應했다. 6. 性訓練 大都市일수록, 敎育程度가 높을수록 性器를 가지고 장난하면 내버려 두며, 小都市이며 敎育程度가 낮아질수록 때리고 야단치며 강요하는 편이었다. 7. 아기 돌보는 方法 아기는 주로 어머니(70.2%)가 돌보며 大都市일수록, 敎育程度가 높을수록 아기를 업어주기 보다는 방에 눕히거나 같이 놀아주고 있다. 8. 아기의 장난감 대부분의 어머니(87.6%)가 아기에게 장난감을 주고 있으며 주로 6개월 이내에 흔들면 소리나는 장난감을 주고 있는 傾向이다. 9. 淫樂에 관한 問題 자장가와 노래는 대부분의 어머니가 들려주고 있으며 자장가는 슈벨트, 모찰트등 주로 외국 曲을, 노래는 동요를 많이 불러주고 있다. 10. 아기에 대한 所望과 해주고 싶은 일 많은 어머니가 아기에게 健康하게 커줄 것을 바라고 있으며 父母들은 아기에게 끝까지 工夫시켜 주겠다는 傾向이다. 11. 아기와 같이 있는 時間 우리나라 아기는 거의 하루 종일 어른과 같이 지내고 있으나 大都市로 갈수록 어른과 같이 있는 時間이 점점 減少하고 있다. 12. 아기가 병 났을 때 大都市 일수록, 敎育程度가 높아질수록 곧 病院으로 찾아가는 수가 많다. 13. 幼稚園 보내는 問題 幼稚園을 보내겠다는 어머니가 전체의 60.3% 대부분이었으며 大都市로 갈수록, 敎育程度가 높을수록 幼稚園을 보내겠다는 수가 增加하고 있다.;Ⅰ. The aims and problems of this study This was studied as a object to investigate and research about Korean mothers' habitual practice of child rearing and also was studied in the situation of developmental psychology. This study was investigated in order to understand the developmental feature of infant whose habitual practice of rearing and discipline which was done by 307 Korean mothers who have feeded infant between birth and about two years age. Concrete purposes was selected in order to establish the aims of study as fallow; 1. What is the actual condition of Korean mother's habitual practice about child rearing? 2. What is the differences of habitual practice about child rearing in accordance with the dwelling place. 3. What is the differences in accordance with the parents' education. Ⅱ. The methods of a study This study is based on two methods: reference study and direct investigations are performed by means of questionnaires through the interview. The collected data are analyzied and classified according to dwelling place, parents' education and percentages. The evaluations of differences are carried out by the Chi-Square Method. Ⅲ. The results of a study The result of this study is as fallow: 1. The place of childbirth 55.4% of Korean mothers took a hospital as their place of childbirth, it is likely to take that all the more big city(79.1%) than small country. And also it is in accordance with mothers' higher education level(90.3%) 2. Milk feeding 75.9% of the total of responded mothers said that they used breast feeding, going to the city it was likely to increase. The methods of milk feeding were two kinds of it; scheduled feeding, self demand feeding. There were little differences between scheduled feeding and self demand feeding, going to the big city, and more higher educational level, there was a tendency to feed milk on time. 3. Weaning To study about the beginning of weaning, we could know that there were not concerns by regional groups and by educational extent, and that it begin after one year. And there was a tendency to do the weaning quickly and abrupt in a small city. 41% of the mothers responded to give them any food instead of milk, and 40.2% of the mothers had used bitter things. Going to the city, they used other food, going to the small city, they used bitter things. There was a tendency to diminish of using the bitter things in accordance with more higher educational extent. 26.8% of them used ricefood as a weaning food. 4. The method of smoothing a crying child 39.1% of mothers in the big city took their children in their arms as a method of smoothing a crying child but in a small city(48.6%) used a breast feeding. 5. Toilet training Generally the toilet training is likely to do after 10 months of childbirth, and not a few mothers were training it between 3 months old and 6 months(21.6%). It was likely to give a scold about the toilet training of child, that was not concerned with parents education and dwelling place. The mothers of big city were likely to scold instead of penalty the child who could not do well after that toilet training. But small town was contrary to that. 80.8% of the mothers responded that they untied a diaper when it was soiled. 6. Sexual training Going to the big city, higher education and higher, the parents let it alone when children play and hold their genical organs, but small country was likely to beat and scold them. 7. The methods of child care 72.0% of mothers took care of their children chiefly. And the mothers in the big city, or higher educated mothers were with the child, made children lie down in the room insted of carring them on their back as a method of child care. 8. Toys Most of mothers(87.6%) were using toys for children. Usually the toy for 6 months old child were sounding toys. There was a tendency to give children who were about 6 months old the toys which was sounding. 9. The problem about music Most of mothers sang a craddle song for their child; chiefly those were Schubert, Mozart-foreign music. 10. The wish of parents Most parents wished that they wanted to bring up their children healthfuly, and wanted to educate them with college education. 11. The hour for child care Most Korean children were with their mother all day long but the hour in the small city increased. 12. When children are sick Most of mothers higher educated or in the big city went to hospital when children was sick but it diminished in the small city. 13. About kindergarten 60.3% of responded mothers wanted the education of kindergarten, and the higher educated mother or in the big city. The desire of higher educated mother or of the mothers in the big city was stronger than small city.