어머니의 가정관리 능력과 청소년의 금전관리 지도

Abstract

본 연구는 청소년들에게 금전관리의 중요성을 인식시키고, 그 관리방법을 지도하기 위하여, 가정에서 가장 일차적으로 그 지도를 담당하는 어머니의 가정관리능력과 금전관리지도와의 관계를 조사하여, 자녀들에게 효과적인 금전관리지도를 하기 위한 기초자료를 제시하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 어머니의 가정능력과 청소년의 금전관리지도가 연령, 학력, 월수입, 직업유무, 자녀수에 따라 어떠한 차이가 있으며, 그 변인이 어느정도 영향을 미치는가 알아보고, 어머니의 가정관리능력이 청소년의 금전관리지도와 어떠한 관계가 있는가를 연구문제로 하였다. 본 연구의 조사도구인 가정관리능력 및 금전관리지도에 관한 설문문항은 선행연구를 기초로 구성, 부분적으로 수정, 보완하여 작성하였다. 설문문항은 계획, 조직, 지도, 평가력의 가정관리능력 측정문항 40개, 계획적 사용지도, 합리적 사용지도 등 금전관리지도 측정문항 20개, 조사대상의 일반적 사항에관한 문항 5개로 총 65개로 구성하였다. 조사는 연구를 위한 표집대상인 서울 시내 9개 중·고등학교에 재학중인 자녀를 둔 어머니 600명에게 조사도구인 설문지를 배부, 583부를 회수하여, 분석가능한 자료 551부를 SPSS Computer Program을 이용하여 빈도, F-test, t-test, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, 다중회귀분석, Pearson의 적률상관분석 등이 적용되었다. 이상의 과정을 통해 얻은 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 연구문제Ⅰ:어머니의 가정관리능력은 연령, 교육정도, 자녀수 변인에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였고, 연령이 낮을수록, 교육수준이 높을수록, 자녀수는 적을수록 가정관리능력이 높았으며, 이들 변인의 설명력은 45%로 높게 나타났다. 연구문제Ⅱ:어머니의 청소년들에 대한 금전관리지도는 연령, 교육정도, 자녀수 변인에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였고, 연령이 낮을수록 교육수준이 높을수록, 자녀수가 적을수록 금전관리지도력이 높았으며, 이들 변인의 설명력은 34%로 비교적 높게 나타났다. 연구문제Ⅲ:어머니의 가정관리능력과 청소년의 금전관리지도와의 관계는 가정관리능력이 높을수록 자녀들에게 금전의 계획적·합리적 사용지도를 잘하는 것으로 나타났으며, 연령, 교육정도, 직업유무, 월수입, 자녀수 변인에 따라 가정관리능력의 상·중·하 집단별로 자녀에 대한 금전관리지도에 차이를 보였고, 가정관리능력 중 특히 지도능력이 금전관리지도와 높은 정적인 상관관계가 있었다. 그러므로 학교의 제도적 교육의 기회나 혜택을 입지못한 어머니들에게 사회교육, 평생교육의 기회를 제공해 주는 사회교육기관과 학교의 어머니교실 등 에서 청소년들의 올바른 교육내용을 강의하는 가운데 가정에서의 효과적인 금전관리지도에 대한 내용을 제시해 주고 장래에 어머니가될 중·고등학교에 재학중인 여학생들에게 가정관리능력을 육성할 수 있도록 학교의 가정과 교육에서 단지 지식교육이외에 관리능력의 실질적인 증진을 위하여 실습교육을 최대한 활용하면 어머니들의 가정관리능력이 향상되어 청소년들의 금전관리지도를 효과적으로 하게 될 것이다.;Started from the wish to have juveniles recognize the importance of money control and well equipped with proper method of its control, the relations between the home management ability and money control guidance of the mother who has the first responsibility of their education in home were observed to propose some basic data to lead to effective money control guidelines upon children. For this, study issues were established as follows: First, what differences has the mother's home management ability according to such variable factors as age, educational level, monthly income, whether employed or not and the number of children; and, to what degree the factors have influences on the mother's home management ability? Second, what differences has the mother's leadership for a juvenile's money control according to the variable factors of age, educational level, whether employed or not, monthly income and the number of children; and to what degree the factors have illuences on the mother's leadership for the juvenile's money control? Third, what differences has the mother's leading the juvenile's money control according to her home management ability; and, what relations are between the mother's home management ability and her leading the juvenile's money control? The questionnaire method for investigation was drawn for mother's home management ability and money control guidance with items somewhat revised and complemented based on preceding studies. Completed were total 65 questions, consisted of 40 measuring questions about home management capaciies of planning, organizing, teaching and apprasing, 20 measuring questions about money control guidances of planned using directions and rational using directions, and 5 questions about the general matters or facts of subjects. Questionnaires as the survey tool were distributed to 600 subjects who were mothers having children attending to 9 junior-or-senior high schools; and recollected were 583 papers, of which 551 employable materials were processed by making use of SPSS computer program. Applied statistical methods were frequency-analysis, F-test, t-test, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Multiple Regression Analysis, Pearson's Cumulative-rate Correlative Analysis etc.. The results of study could be summerized as follows: Study Question Ⅰ : Mother's home management ability showed significant differences according to variable factors of age (P＜.001), educational level (P＜.01), and number of children (P＜.05); and, the lower age (β=-0.127), the higher educational level (β=0.118), and the smaller number of children (β=-0.085) showed the higher home management ability. Here, the potential applicability of these variable factors was appreciated highly as 45%. Study Question Ⅱ : Mother's leadership for juveniles' money control appeared having significantly different levels of it according to the variable factors of age (P＜.001), educational level (P＜.05) and number of children (P＜.05); and, the lower age (β=-0.100), the higher educational level (β=0.090), and the smaller number of children (β=-0.085) showed the higher degree of leadership. The potential applicability of these variable factors was appreciated rather highly as 34%. Study Question Ⅲ : For the relation between mother's home management ability and her leading the juvenile's money control, the higher degree of home management ability appeared to contribute to the better guidance of children's planned and rational using practices (P＜.001); different levels of home management ability by higher, middle and lower classes matched for variable factors of age, educational level, whether employed or not, monthly income and number of children showed different levels of leadership for children's money control; and, among the sorts of home management ability, especially leading ability was shown to be in considerably direct proportion of correlationship to the money control guidance (r=0.62, P＜.001). Therefore, to sum up what should be pointed here upon: if we want to improve the mother's home management ability and to have juveniles do their money control effectively, the content of the required money control leading measures in hone should be presented within the lectures on the right education for juveniles which may be conducted in the Mother Class in schools or in the institutions for social education that render opportunities of social and lifelong education to the mothers who have not had opportunities or benefits of receiving institutional education from school; and, on the other hand, practical exercises or the education of seminars should be emphasized on the currently enrolled junior and senior high school femal students for their real betterment in home managerial ability rather than that only the education for knowledge is to be handed down through the lessons of home economics to the future mothers.