敎職의 專門性 向上을 위한 敎員 資格制度 改善 硏究

Abstract

The system of teacher's qualification menas to recognize legally one's ability and quality through such formality of a kind of license for the ones who reach required standards educational background, career, and training etc. to maintain teacher' quality at the certain level. Such reachers qualification system is very important measure to protect the gains of state society, and to maintain and graduate the social credity, and public interest of protecting students, and the rights and interests of teachers, as well. Further, it has significant means as a positive measure to safeguard the educational activities by establishing educational athority. But the present teacher's qualification system has not only deepened and induced profession of teaching profession, but also because of lack of systemical device to inspire teacher's volunteer desire for training, and enticement, in connection with the management of qualification system. Therefore, this study is aimed at groping the course of betterment in the future, and lighting up matters of current teacher's qualification system by analizing and examining teachers; views in connection with promotion, new-employment, and on the job training and teacher's training institution, which has direct connection with teacher's qualification system. Therefore, this study is aimed at grouping the course of future betterment, and lighting up matters on current teachet's qualification system by analizing and examining teachers' views in connection with promotion, new-employment, on the job training, and teacher's training institution, new-employment, on the job training, and teacher's training institution, centering around the teacher's qualification system, which occupies the most important part among teachers' personnel administration. To accomplish above purpose, prepared the theoretical base by ㅁutting together all related books and precedent studies in advance and prepared written inquiry on base of the above. The written inquiry collected 900 teachers of primary, middle and high school in Seoul and local areas, and effective answers were 840 persons (93.3%). The collected data were classified into sex, area, schools, position, graduate, and educational career, which were further calculated into percentage, so as to compare the difference of scores, and examined intentions at 1~5% level through x^(2) computer disposal. The following is the result of invested teachers' views on current teacher's qualification system. 1) Most of teachers recognized teaching profession as professional position, but showed relatively negative views on lofty social appraisal, and or the performance of group activity of profession. 2) There're lots of views on proper treatment and benefit that were not given, following subdivision of qualification, and the present teacher's qualification system is not subdivided, according to career, professional quality, and ability. 3) Major views were to remark the current teacher's prior education to present office, and in the job training are being managed inefficiently, and so the effect is little. 4) Also, major views were pointing the lack of reasonableness, and justice in the promotion standard and teacher's evaluation system, and if also promotes predominant atmosphere of management administration, rather to teaching function in the present teacher's promotion system. I wish to remark on a few points on base of the above. 1) A new notion must be established for teacher's qualification, or promotion system in order to induce promotion of teaching profession. 2) The present differentiated qualification, connecting to 2nd Grade regular-teacher, 1st grade regular-teacher, head-teacher, and school-master must be examined for the measure of eslablishing sub- division, according to the level of profession, lying stress on teaching function. 3) It is deemed necessary to examine for a measure to introduce and apply the system of probational teacher, and or the system of national examination on the occasion of employment, controlling quantity and quality of supply of teacher, in order to maintain the level of teacher's quality, and social faith. 4) It is urgently requested a solidity and extention of opportunity on the present "on the job training", in order to assist the growth of teacher's profession. 5) Circumstance and proper conditions should be created to enable teachers concentrate on educational activities, only, and especially, teacher's treatment must be promoted, also.;敎員 資格制度는 일정한 수준의 敎員 資質을 유지하기 위하여 學歷, 經歷, 硏修 등 소정의 기준에 도달한 자에게 일종의 免許 형식으로 그 能力과 資質을 法的으로 인정해 주는 것을 말한다. 이러한 敎員 資格制度는 學生들을 보호하고 敎師들 자신의 권익을 옹호하면서 國家社會의 利益을 수호하고 敎育의 公共性과 社會的 公信力을 유지·보장하기 위해 매우 중요한 措置인 것이다. 또한 그것은 敎育의 專門性과 敎職의 專門性을 보장하며 敎權을 확립하여 敎育 活動의 效果를 극대화하기 위한 적극적 방안의 하나로서 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 그러나 現行 敎員 資格制度는 敎職의 專門性을 충분히 심화·유도하지 못하고 있을 뿐아니라, 資格制度의 운영과 관련된 誘引策 및 敎員의 自發的 硏修意慾을 북돋우는 制度的 장치가 결여되어 있어, 이에 대한 교원들의 불만이 점증되고 있다. 이에 本 연구에서는 교원인사행정의 영역 중에서도 매우 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있는 교원 자격제도를 중심으로, 이와 직접적인 관련을 맺고있는 교원 養成體系와 現職敎育 그리고 新規採用 및 昇進에 관한 교원들의 의견을 조사·분석하여 현행 교원 자격제도의 문제점을 밝히고 앞으로의 개선 방향을 모색해 보고자 한다. 이러한 目的을 達成하기 위하여 먼저 關聯文獻과 先行硏究를 종합하여 理論的 基底를 마련하고, 이를 土臺로 하여 質問紙를 製作하였다. 질문지는 서울과 지방의 초·중·고등학교 교사 900명에게 배포되었으며, 유효응답자 수는 840명 (93.3 %)이다. 수합된 資料는 性別, 地域別, 學校級別, 職位別, 出身學校別, 그리고 敎職經歷別로 百分率을 算出하여 點數差를 比較하고, x^(2) 電算處理를 통해 1∼5 %의 水準에서 有意度를 살펴보았다. 現行 敎員 資格制度에 대한 교원들의 의견 조사 결과를 간추려 제시하면 다음과 같다. ① 敎職을 專門職이라고 인식하고 있으나 專門職的 團體活動 수행이 미흡하고 교직에 대한 사회적 평가 내지 인식이 낮다고 보고 있다. ② 現行 敎員資格體系는 경력과 전문적인 자질·능력 정도에 따라 자격이 細分化되어 있지 못하며, 資格 分化에 따른 정당한 대우나 혜택을 부여 받지 못한다는 의견이 많다. ③ 現行 敎員의 職前敎育 및 現職敎育은 효율적으로 운영되고 있지 못하다는 견해가 지배적이다. ④ 現行 敎員 昇進制度는 敎授기능 보다 관리행정 우위의 분위기를 조장하고 있으며, 교원 평정제도와 승진기준에 있어서도 공정성 및 합리성이 결여되어 있다는 의견이 많다. 이상의 결과에 근거하여 다음 몇 가지를 제언하고자 한다. ① 敎職의 전문성 향상을 유도할 수 있는 敎員 資格體系에 대한 새로운 槪念이 정립되어야 하겠다. ② 2급정교사-1급정교사-교감-교장으로 이어지는 現行 敎員의 資格區分은 敎授技能 중시의 전문성 정도에 따라 세분화시키는 방안이 검토되어야 할 것이다. ③ 교원의 質的 水準을 유지하고 社會的 公信力을 높이기 위해 國家考試制와 修習敎師制를 도입·적용하는 방안을 검토할 필요가 있다. ④ 교원의 專門性 伸張을 도울 수 있도록 현행 敎員 現職硏修의 內實化 및 機會확대가 절실히 요청된다. ⑤ 교원이 교육활동에 전념할 수 있는 여건 조성 및 처우쇄신이 이루어져야 할 것이다.