내담자를 통해서 본 離婚의 遠因과 近因에 관한 연구

Abstract

본 연구의 목적은 첫째 遠因으로써의 離婚原因은 성별에 따라 각 연령층간에 어떤 차이가 있는가? 둘째 離婚原因을 가지고 있으면서 일정기간 동안 혼인생활을 지속시킬 수 있었던 사유를 밝히고, 셋째 離婚의 近因으로써 지금 이혼을 결심하게 만든 사유는 각각 무엇이며 그것들 또한 성별에 따라 각 연령층간에 어떤 차이가 있는지 규명하려는데 있다. 연구 대상자는 1986.7. 1부터 1987.6.30.사이에, 가정문제를 의논 하고자 한국가정법률상담소에 찾아온 내담자를 연구자가 면담한 중에서, 이혼문제를 가지고온 681명(남성 129명, 여성 552명)의 내담자의 상담내용을 분석한 것이다. 가정문제를 상담할 수 있는 상담소가 많지 않은 우리 현실이어서, 부모,형제,친구와 1차 의논을 하였거나, 하지 않았을 수도있는 내담자들을 위하여, 연구자는 상담자의 역할을 거울에 비유한 인간중심 상담의 C . Rogers의 상담기법을 택하였다. 면담시간은 사건에 따라 30분, 45분 또는 60분간이었다. 상담내용은 1차 면담의 것을 중심으로 하였다. 그 이유는 절대다수의 내담자가 문제가 발생한 당시보다는 내담자가 마지막 결정을 내려야할 단계에서, 본인의 생각과 판단이 법률적인 차원에서 불리한지 아니한지를 알려고 하였기 때문이다. 離婚原因을 가지고 있으면서 혼인생활을 지속시킬 수 있었던 사유와 지금 이혼을 결심하게 만든 近因으로써의 이혼사유가 무엇인지 내담자가 스스로 진술하지 않았을 때는 연구자가 질문하는 방법을 택하였다. 본 연구의 자료처리는 백분율(%)에의하여 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 1 . 遠因으로써의 離婚原因은 同性의 각 연령층간에는 의미있는 차이가 없었다. 그러나 異性間에는 의미있는 차이가 있었다. 즉 남성의 경우 민법 제 840조 제 6호가 규정하고 있는 "기타 혼인을계속하기 어려운 중대한 사유"를 제 1순위의 離婚原因으로 하였고 ( 49.6%) , 同法 同條 제 2호인 "배우자의 악의의 遺棄"를 제 2순위로(32.6%), 同法 同條 제 1호인 "배우자의 부정한 행위가 있었을때 "를 제 3순위로 하고 있다.( 15.5% ). 여성의 경우에는 同法 同條 제 3호인 "배우자나 직계존속으로 부터 심히 부당한 대우를 받았을 때 "를 제 1순위의 離婚原因으로 하였고(38.9%) , 제 6호를 제 2순위로(32.2%), 제 1호를 제 3순위로 하고 있다. (23.8%) 2. 離婚原因을 가지고 있으면서 혼인생활을 지속시킬 수 있었던 사유는 "이미 혼인하였다는 사실" (남성 59.7%, 여성57.3%)과, "자녀 때문에" (남성 17.1%, 여성 19.0%) 살았다고 하므로 성별에 따른 각 연령층간에는 의미있는 차이가 없었다. 3. 지금 이혼을 결심하게 만든 近因에서도 성별에 따른 각 연령층간에 의미있는 차이가 없었다. 즉 "참을 수 없어서 이혼한다"(남성 53. 5% , 여성 53. 4% ) , "희망이 없어서 이혼한다" (남성25.6% , 여성 26.3%)고 하였다. 이혼의 遠因과 近因관계에서도 성별에 따른 각 연령층간에 의미있는 차이가 없었다. (표5- 2참조) 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 離婚原因에서 남성과 여성에게 차이가 있었을뿐 흔인생활지속사유와 離婚의 近因에서는 성별에 따른 각 연령층간에 의미있는 차이가 없음이 밝혀졌다.;The purpose of the study is first to find out the underlying causes for judicial divorce for males and felames in each different age groups. Next, even though the client has a reason for judicial divorce, how and why does that marital life continue for a period, and for what kind of reason? What are the differences between males and females in the different age groups? Finally, what is the immediate reason that causes the client to proceed with the divorce, and what are the differeces between males and females in the different age groups? The persons in this study are clients who came to the Korea Legal Aid Center for Family Relations in the period of July 1. 1986 to June 30, 1987. These statistics are analyzed based on the client counseling records (males 129 and females 552) of divorce cases with general marital problems. Others than the Legal Aid Center there are not many places for counseling services. The basic counseling skills are based on the client-centered C. Rogers Counseling Theory. This emphasizes a conselor's role like a mirror for the clients who previously did not have any counseling or had only talked over their problems with parents, friends, brothers or sisters. The counseling time was for 30, 45 or 60 minutes. Most clients did not counsel immediately when something happened in their family. They usually came for counseling in the later stage when they thought legal help could benefit them. The counseling records used for this study were those of the first session, although it might have taken place long after the initial marital problem. Even though the clients had reasons for divorce, they had continued their marital life. When they did not state what made them decide to divorce now, the reasons for continuing marriage life and for the present decision to divorce were questioned. This study material was analyzed by percentages. The results of this study are as follows. 1. There was not any difference in the same sex in the different age groups regarding the underlying causes for divorce. However there was a meaningful difference between males and females. For the males, the civil law ruling in judicial divorce, the sixth section of Article 840, "When there exists such nature of serious causes as to render their marital living insupportable" was the first in order (49.6%). The second section of Article 840, "When one spouse deserted maliciously the other spouse" (32.6%) was the second reason. The first section of Article 840, "In the case of an unchaste act on the part of the other spouse" (15.5%) was the third reason. For the females, the third section of Article 840, "When one spouse has been extremely maltreated by the other spouse or her lineal ascendants" was the first in order (38.9%). The sixth section of Article 840 was the second(32.2%) and the first section of Article 840 was the third(23.8%). 2. The reasons that the client managed to continue their marital life even with the reason for the divorce were that they felt marriage was sacred and should not be broken (males 59.7% and females 57.3%) and because of their children (males 17.1% and females 19.0%). However there was very little meaningful difference between the sexes and the different age groups. 3. There was not any meaningful difference between the sexes in the different age groups in the immediate causes of the divorce decision making. They all said they wanted a divorce because they could not stand their marital situation any more (males 53.5% and females 53.3%). The ones who said they did not have any hope in the future were next (males 25.6% and females 26.3%). There was not any meaningful difference between the sexes or in the different age groups in the immediate cause of divorce. The overall conclusion of this study is that with regard to the continuation of marriage life and the immediate cause of divorce, there were not any meaningful difference between the sexes and among the different age groups. The only difference was found to be in the underlying cause of judicial divorce between males and females.