일부 未婚女性의 結婚觀에 대한 調査硏究

Abstract

本 硏究는 일부 未婚女性들의 結婚觀에 대한 調査硏究로서, 未婚女性의 結婚觀은 곧 未來 社會의 결혼양태와 가족의 구조, 기능 및 역할의 변화 등을 예측하게 해주므로, 이에 本 硏究는 家族保健 側面에서 혼인 적령기에 있는 未婚女性의 結婚觀을 조사하여, 앞으로의 結婚 및 家族에 대한 保健學的 基礎資料를 제공하려는 데 目的을 두었다. 따라서 그에 부합된 硏究目的을 위해 1991년 8월 16일부터 9월 5일까지, 서울 시내 20대 未婚女性 500명을 임의 추출방법에 의해 硏究對象으로 선정한 후, 硏究者가 관련 자료 검토 후 만든 說問紙를 pre-test를 거쳐 수정, 보완하여 현지조사법에 의해 조사하였다. 조사자료는 ^(2)-test, t-test, ANOVA를 사용하여 분석하였고, 그 結果 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 結婚의 必要性에 대하여, 전체 응답자 중 「반드시 해야한다」와 「하는 것이 더 좋다」가 72.2%로 肯定的인 態度를 갖고 있었다. 반면 結婚의 必要性에 대한 否定的인 태도는 「할 필요가 없다」와 「안하는 것이 더 좋다」가 8.9%로, 이러한 결과는 日本의 4.6%보다 높은 것으로 최근 우리나라 未婚女性의 結婚에 대한 必要性의 減少와 함께 獨身性向이 增加되고 있다는 趨勢를 反映한 것이라고 보겠다. 2. 希望 結婚時期는 平均 26.93세로, 晩婚傾向이 계속될 것을 豫示 하고 있었다. 이러한 晩結婚은 年齡이 높고(P〈0.001), 父母의 敎育水準이 낮고(P〈 .01), 便父母인 경우일수록 關聯性이 높았다.(P〈.001) 3. 結婚時 配偶者와의 希望 年齡差는 평균 3.1세로, 최근의 통계청 資料보다 0.2세로 더 좁혀진 趨勢였으며, 이는 응답자의 年齡이 높고, 敎育水準이 높을수록 그 차가 좁게 나타났다. (P〈.001) 4. 配偶者의 選擇條件은 性格, 健康, 職業 등의 順으로 높게 나타났으며, 家門보다는 個人을 重視하는 傾向을 보였다. 5. 配偶者 選擇方法에 있어서는 中媒婚보다 戀愛婚을 選好하는 傾向이 顯著하며 이는 年齡이 낮고, 敎育水準이 높을수록, 그리고 兩親 모두 生存한 경우와 兄弟數가 적고, 父母의 敎育水準이 높은 응답자일수록 戀愛婚을 더 選好하는 것으로 나타났다.(P〈.05) 6. 結婚 후 希望 子女數는 평균 1.78명으로, 少子女를 追求하는 경향이 뚜렷했으며, 個人的 특성과는 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다.(P〈.05) 7. 結婚 후 媤父母와의 同居與否는 同居보다는 別居를 希望하는 것으로 나타나, 앞으로 우리나라의 핵가족화 현상은 더욱 지속화될 전망이었고, 한편 媤父母와의 同居 希望은 대상자의 교육수준이 낮을수록 높게 나타났다.(P〈.05) 8. 結婚 후 就業與否는 전체 응답자 중 就業希望이 다수를 차지하므로서, 앞으로도 결혼 후 女性의 就業은 계속 증가될 것으로 豫測되었고, 이러한 취업성향은 응답자의 연령이 낮고, 교육수준이 높을수록 높게 나타났다.(P〈.05);The purpose of this study is to examine the influence that the marriage view of unmarried women have on future marriage, and to study which meaning this result have in the family health. Thus, for the study purpose which corresponds with it, the question survey was made, by making 500 unmarried women in the twenties in Seoul, from Aug. 16, 1991 to Sept. 5, 1991. And, as for the concrete survey contents, the idea on the marriage and family, marriage time, marriage selection, and the family planning after marriage etc. were center. As for the result examined in accordance with this, the data analysis was made by using χ^(2)-test, t-test & ANOVA, through the use of SPSS. And, as a result of the analysis, following conclusion was obtained. 1. About the necessity of marriage, 72.2% among the whole respondents had the affirmative attitude. On the other hand, the negative attitude about the necessity of marriage showed as 8.9%. This result is higher than 4.6% of Japan. Thus, it can be regarded as what reflected the tendency that the spinsterhood is increasing, with the decrease of the necessity about the marriage of the unmarried women of our nation recently. 2. Desiring marriage time is average 26.93 years old. Thus, it foreshowed that the late marriage tendency would continue. The relevancy to this late marriage was high (P<.001), in case that the age is high, and that the education level of parents is low (P<.0l), and in case of the lone father and mother (P<.001). 3. The age difference with the spouse at the time of marriage is average 3.1 age. Thus, it was the tendency that 0.2 age was narrowed than the recent data of Statistics Agency. And, the difference appeared narrow, in case that the age of respondent is high and the level of education is high (P<.001). The selection condition of spouse showed the tendency to take a serious view of individual rather than family clan, in the oder of character, health and job etc. In addition, as for the selection method of spouse, the tendency to prefer love marriage to marriage made up by a go-between. And, in case of the respondent whose age is low, education level is high, both parents are in existence(P<.001), number of brother is small, education level of parents is high, it showed to prefer the love marriage (P<.05). 4. Desiring number of sons and daughters after marriage is average 1.78. Thus, to prefer the small number of sons and daughters was clear. And, about living together with parents or not, to hope the separation rather than living together showed. So it was forecast that the future phenomgnon of tendency of nuclear family of our nation will accelerate. In addition, about the employment or unemployment after marriage, to hope the employment occupied multitude. Thus, it was forecast that the employment inclination after marriage would increase continuously. In addition, there was not significant difference between the desiring number of sons and daughters and the individual feature. But, to hope to live together with the women's parents in law showed high, in case of low education (P<.05). And, to hope the employment showed high, in case that the age is low (P<.05), and that the education level is high (P<.001).