어머니의 자녀양육에 미치는 여러 변인간의 관계

Abstract

Parenthood is practical period of generativity to bring up their own children, and parent's characteristics, speculation, and parenting behavior strongly influence upon formation of children's character, during the times. Therefore, this study aims at surveying the mother's view point of child-rearing in Korean families. The questionnaires as to the view to bring up children were based on the "Korean Children and Mother" of Korea Gallop Study Institute, and "Between Parents and Children" of Ginnot. For the study objectives, total of 225 mothers of children, who were being enrolled at children's education institute both in Seoul and local areas, were selected. The way of treating data, was accorded to the assembling seat, and demarcate method, and calculated into percent to established orders of mutual relation(ρ), and x^(2) inspection. The result of examination is as follows: 1-1. When comparing mother's view on nursing children between seoul and local areas, it showed high mutual relation (ρ=0.83). Both areas showed the same lowest affirmative rate (Below 40%) about the question, "Either success or failure of our life de-pend on the will of God". The order of mutual relation as for the view of children, between areas, also showed high rate (ρ=0.84). "Family's Unification"(difference of 18.4%), "Self-advancement" (difference of 6.7%), " Self-advancement"(difference of 18%), "Delightfulness of nursing children"(difference of 6.7%), Seoul showed higher rate than local areas. According to the result derived form Robin's classification, Seoul indicates "altruistic motivation", and local areas showed stronger reflection as to "instrumental motivation", "narcissistic motivation", and "fatalistic motivation". 1-2. Mothers' view to nursing their children, depend on each age, showed middle mutual relation(ρ=0.63), and showed low mutual relation(ρ=0.39), according to the education level. The lower ages showed strong tendency of "altruistic motivation"(difference of 23.9%), and higher ages, showed more tendency of "fatalistic motivation" and "instrumental motivation". Lower education showed high tendency of "narcissistic motivation" (difference of 40.7%), and showed a little high tendency of "altruistic motivation," regardless of education level, showed mixed tendencies of "fatalistic motivation", and "instrumental motivation". Ⅱ. The way of nursing children by mothers, depending on areas and sex, showed meaningful differences (0.01<p<0.05), when "children fails to treat properly about their feces and urine". Average hours that children spend in a day, "watching TV" is 1 to 3 hours, and showed such meaningless difference, depending on the areas and sex(p>0.1). The questions by children when returning home "from kindgergarten" became different, depending on areas showed meaningful differences (p<0.01), and showed mean ingless differences depending on sex (0.05<p<0.1). Ⅲ-1. Mothers' and infants' hopes for infant's future occupation, order of mutual relation, depending on areas (ρ=0.82), sowed the middle mutual relation, according to sexes(ρ=0.42). This means that infant's future occupation, desired by mother should influence on children, and the sex of individual should also influence on children's occupation, desired by mother. The reason of showing differences between mutual relation of the order of occupation, which desired by mother, and the order of occupation, which desired by infant, according sexes, is because boy's mother believe boy's "social dedication" is greater than girl. Ⅲ-2. Seoul mothers showed more reflection as to the preference of infant's future occupation with the reason of "opportunity of self-development," than the mothers of country side (difference of 9.9%). Children prefered to occupation, according to their adaption and interest, regardless areas and sexes, (ρ=0.82, ρ=0.8), and when compare the above on base of the mutual relation of the order of occupation, which mother desired, and the order of occupation, which children hoped, it is known that there is a little difference between the view of mother's nursing, and parenting behavior (ρ=0.62, ρ=0.57, ρ=0.68, ρ=0.73).;본 연구는 어린이의 성격형성과 유아교육에 영향을 미치는 어머니의 자녀양육관을 조사·분석하여, 변인들에 따라 자녀양육관에 어떤 차이가 있는가를 알아봄으로써 바람직한 교육방법을 제시하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 자녀양육관은 한국갤럽조사연구소의 「한국의 아동과 어머니」와 Ginnot의 「부모와 아이들 사이 」에 기반을 두어 질문지를 작성하였다. 연구 대상으로 서울과 지방의 유아교육기관에 취원한 유아의 어머니 총 225명을 선정하였다. 자료의 처리는 어셈블링 시이트(assembling seat)법과 획선법(劃選法)을 사용하여 백분율(%)을 낸 후, 순위 상관관계(ρ)와 χ^(2)검증을 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 다음과 같은 문제를 설정하였다. Ⅰ-1. 어머니의 양육관 및 자녀관은 서울과 지방간에 차이가 있는가? Ⅰ-2. 어머니의 자녀관은 어머니의 연령과 교육정도에 따라 차이가 있는가? Ⅱ. 어머니의 자녀양육방법은 지역별, 성별에 따라 차이가 있는가? Ⅲ-1. 어머니가 바라는 직업의 순위와 유아가 희망하는 직업의 순위는 지역별, 성별에 따라 관계가 있는가? Ⅲ-2. 유아의 장래직업 선호에 대한 어머니의 이유는 지역별, 성별에 따라 차이가 있는가? 설정된 문제에 따른 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. Ⅰ-1. 어머니의 양육관을 서울과 지방간에 비교해 볼 때 상관이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 자녀관에 대한 지역간의 순위상관 역시 높은 것으로 나타났다. Ⅰ-2. 어머니의 연령에 따른 자녀관은 중위상관(中位相關)으로, 교육정도에 따라서는 저상관(底相關)으로 나타났다. 저연령층일수록 "이타주의적(altruistic) 동기"가 강하게 나타났고, 교육수준이 낮을수록 "자기도취적(narcissistic) 동기"가 높은 것으로 나타났다. Ⅱ. 지역별, 성별에 따른 어머니의 양육방법은 "대소변을 가리지 못하고 실수했을 때" 지역과 성(性)에 따라 의의 있는 차이를 보였다. Ⅲ-1. 유아의 장래직업에 대한 어머니와 유아의 희망 순위상관은 지역에 따라 고상관(高相關)으로 나타났으며, 성(性)에 따라 중위상관(中位相關)으로 나타났다. Ⅲ-2. 유아의 장래직업 선호(先好)에 대한 어머니의 이유는 지역과 성에 관계없이 자녀의 적성과 흥미에 따라 직업을 선호하였다.