女子老人의 家庭內 地位에 관한 硏究

Abstract

이같은 過程을 거쳐 얻어낸 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 社會, 經濟的, 環境的 變因과 지위와의 관계를 본다면, 年齡, 同居形態, 經濟水準, 敎育水準(며느리의 경우), 配偶者 有無 등이 지위에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 드러났다. 年令이 적을수록 여자노인의 地位는 높아졌으며, 동거형태에 있어서는 미혼자녀와 함께 살 때가 가장 地位가 높았다. 또한 經濟水準과 敎育水準도 높을수록 여자노인의 지위도 따라서 上昇하였다. 配偶者는 함께 살아 있을 때가 없을 때보다 한층 지위가 높은 것으로 드러났다. 全般的으로 社會經濟的 環境的 變因中 지위에 가장 많은 영향을 미친 것은 "同居形態"로 나타났다. 둘째, 役割 變因에 속하는 것과 지위와의 관계를 보면, 家事結定權의 형태, 孫子女 敎育의 태도, 仲裁者로서의 역할, 傳統의 傳授, 생활지혜의 活用 등이 지위에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 역할 요인들은 전체적으로 여자노인이 과거와는 달리 다소 약화된 형태이지만 계속 역할을 유지할 때가 하지 않을 때보다 지위가 높게 되는 要因으로 작용하였다. 그리고 이들중 전통의 전수가 여자노인의 지위에 가장 영향을 많이 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 한가지 例外로는, 家事決定은 며느리와 여자노인이 協議하여 실시할 때가 여자노인의 지위를 가장 上昇시키는 것으로 드러나 특이한 類型을 보여주었다. 셋째, 經濟生活 變因과 지위와의 相關性을 보면, 경제적 扶養形態, 經濟權의 所在, 遺産의 정도 등이 지위에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 이중 지위에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 經濟權을 누가 掌握하느냐 하는 문제였다. 전체적으로 보아서 經濟生活에 있어서, 여자노인의 能力이 어느 程度이느냐에 따라 地位도 달라진다고 하는 점을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 경제생활의 능력이 높을수록 지위도 높아지는 傾向을 보였다. 끝으로, 지위의 높낮이에 따라서 家庭生活內 여자노인은 滿足의 정도도 上昇한다는 관계를 발견할 수 있었다.;Recently, as major social concern, the problem of the aged has occurred, Home is central place which the problem of the aged happens. Such a situation is more prominent in Korea which the aged live with their children and depend upon them economically. It can be said that in terms of home economics, the analysis on causation and situation connected with the problem of old women is important and necessary, because the problem of old women is more relative to home than that of old man. In this perspective, this thesis is based on assumption that analysis on the extent of status of old women in home is core task in study on the problem of old women. Therefore the purpose of this study is the exploration how situation of old women and status responding to that is, in 3 dimensions relative to home Life. That is, (1) socio-economic environment, (2) role, and (3) economic life. And additionally the measurement of extent of contentment corresponding to that status is involved. Research method adopted in this thesis is literature analysis and questionnaire method. Sample size is 500 old women who live in Seoul and random sampling was selected. Total items of questionnaire is 30, Likert type scale and nominal type scale were chosen. For research data analysis, SPSS Program was utilized, and statistical analysis method such as frequency, percentage, F-test, and x^(2)-test was used. Both F-test and x^(2)-test accepted P<0.05 level. The results of this study are following. First, socio-economic environmental variables; it was observed that old women's age, the type of residence with children and spouse, the level of economic life, and the educational level of a daughter-in-law were important elements which influenced old women's status. That is, the lower age of old women, residence with unmarried children and old women's spouse, the higher education level of daughter-in-law, and the higher level of life were elements which made the status of old women high in home. Secondly, role variables; it was appeared that the type of decision making about home affair, the attitude in teaching grandchildren, role as a mediator, succession of convention, and application of knowledge in life were weighty factors which influenced old women's status. Thar is, when old women and daughter-in-law shared with decision making in home affair, old women's status were high. And when old women played a role more actively and positively in home, the extra elements above mentioned made old women's status high. Thirdly, economic life variables; it is proved that the type of economic dependency, who's dominant in economic life, the degree of inheritance were important elements which influenced old women's status, In general, the extent of economic power which old women had made a decisive influence to the status of old women. That is the higher economic power of old women was, the higher the status of old women was. Fourthly, the extent of contentment according to status of old women; Generally speaking, it is said that the higher the status of old women had in home, the higher degree of contentment of old women was.