환경색채조화 및 색채계획방법에 관한 모형사례 연구

Abstract

전일적 세계관으로의 전환은 이원론적이고 기계론적 사유체제에 따른 전세계적 위기의 근원적 해결방안에 주목하도록 한다. 이는 환경디자인 분야에 있어 인간과 환경을 하나의 시스템으로 인식하게 한다. 우리는 지난 근대화의 과정에서 시스템적 관점을 취하지 못한 채, 물질위주의 급속한 산업사회 지향의 발전논리를 전개하였다. 그 결과 우리의 도시환경은 미적, 인간적 측면에서 긍정적인 지원성을 제공하고 있지 못한 실정이다. 특히 도시의 이미지를 좌우하는 환경색체에 대한 인식부족과 함께, 지금의 도시는 ‘미’의 반영체라기 보다 지난 근대화의 모순적 논리를 그대로 반영하고 있음을 볼 수 있다. 이에 본 연구자는 색채를 매개로 미적 표준화를 통해 인류의 존속을 가능케 하고, 긍정적인 지원성을 제공함으로써 삶의 조건을 강화시킬 수 있다는 전제 하에 본 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구는 전일적이고 시스템적 관점을 반영하고 있는 환경디자인 패러다임에 입각하여 다학문적 접근방법을 취하였으며 신축국제공항을 대상으로 하여 환경색채계획 및 적용을 위한 프로그래밍 과정을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 진행은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 환경색채연구의 기본 틀을 형성하기 위해 오늘날의 전일적 세계관에 대한 이해와 이를 반영하고 있는 환경디자인 패러다임에 관해 살펴보았다. 둘째, 기존의 색채체계를 살펴봄으로써 뉴패러다임을 반영하고 있는 자연색체계(NCS)가 색채계획에 타당한 색채체계임을 제시하였다. 셋째, 환경디자인 패러다임에 의해 유기적 기준과 비유기적 기준의 측면에서 색채를 살펴보았고, 이로써 색채를 매개로 한 통합환경이 조성될 수 있도록 하였다. 넷째, 계획개념에 대한 문헌고찰이 있었으며 이로써 계획은 대상과 목적을 갖고 합목적적으로 그리고 의도된 미래의 변화를 위한 행위임을 인식할 수 있었다. 이에 의해 본 연구의 대상과 목적에 대한 연구자의 설정이 있었다. 다섯째, 환경색채계획에 합리적인 색채조화원리를 수용하기 위해 지금까지 제시된 선행 연구자들의 색채조화원리를 살펴보았으며, 이 가운데 헤링의 색삼각형 이론적 관점을 취하여 전개하였다. 여섯째, 비선형적 관점에서 자연에 나타나는 색채의 질서와 원리를 발견하려고 했으며, 이 결과를 환경색채계획에 반영함으로써 자연과 인공환경의 통합을 위한 조화의 기준을 제시하였다. 일곱째, 이상의 연구결과를 토대로 하여 신축국제공항 여객터미널을 대상으로 한 모형사례를 제시함으로써 근대화의 과정에서 잘못된 점을 개선하고 통합환경을 강화할 수 있는 모범이 되고자 하였다. 연구자는 본 연구를 통해 인간존재의 실체와 인간의 위치를 받아들이고 모든 인간의 활동과 형태로부터 의미를 끌어낼 수 있도록 제시하는 환경디자인 패러다임이 환경색체 분야는 물론 환경디자인 전분야에 보편적이고 일반적인 접근방법으로 받아들여야 함을 인식 할 수 있었다. 따라서 디자이너는 통합환경을 구축하기 위해 시스템적 관점을 지닐 수 있어야 하며, 나아가 문화의 창조자로서 그 역할을 수행하여야 한다고 본다. 본 연구는 환경디자인 패러다임에 의한 전개방법으로 환경색채 학문분야의 보편성과 일반성을 기하고자 하는데 그 의의가 있으며, 나아가 통합환경 조성과 문화적 복지 증진에 기여할 수 있게 되길 바란다. ; In the process of industrialization, we have developed the logic of rapid growth based on the materialism of industrial society, without a system view. As a result, the city environment fails to support positive affordance from the view of humanism and aesthetics. Above all, current cities reflect not the beauty but the contradictory logic of past industrialization, due to the absence of recognition of environmental color upon which the image of city is dependent. Therefore, this study was started under the assumption that aesthetic standardization by the mediation of color would enable human persistence and the provision of positive affordance would reinforce the conditions of life. This study took the interdisciplinary approach based on the environmental design paradigm which reflects the holistic and systems view and provided the programming procedure for environmental color planning and application with the subject of the new international airport. The points of the study are as follows. 1. Preface Human beings perceive and recognize environment wit the five senses. In this process, the visual information takes up about 87% and most of all, it is the color that arouses strong visual·emotional reactions. But we don t take the advantage of the color when we look at the color of city environment in Seoul. In reality, we have used the structural form proper to its objects and functions, but failed to plan and use color in the proper way. As a result, cities which cause disorders with excessive and incorrect information do not support positive approach. Therefore, the systematic approach to environmental color planning is required. The object the present study is firstly, to contribute to the progress in the environmental color study through systematic approach based on environmental paradigm, and secondly, to contribute to the improvement of life quality by reinforcing the affordance that is condition for life, the formation of integrated environment and cultural welfare through suggestions of the approach of planning the color, solar physical energy, for city environment from the systems view. 2. The Environmental Design Paradigm & the Environmental Color In chapter 2, environmental design paradigm corresponding to the spirits of this age was reviewed. It is fundamentally differentiated from the existing modern design approach that it emphasizes the relation from the systems view and juxtaposes the organic criterion relevant to human activities alongside the inorganic criterion applicable to artifacts. The environmental color design based on the environmental design paradigm would reinforce the relation between human beings and the environment, which would make the harmony of materials and human spirits and further, would build integrated environment. Natural color system adopted in this study was more appropriate and reasonable color system for environmental color planning as an proper color system for indicating the color of objects in the relation between man and environment. 3. The Environmental Color Approach from the System views In chapter 3, the color was understood from the systematic view. While the environmental design paradigm reviewed in chapter 2, focused on the organic criterion extracting the meanings from the substantial human existence and human actions and behaviors, the color was understood in the aspects of human beings and environment. Through this procedure, the environment seen in the interaction of human beings and environment was recognized as supporting behaviors and aesthetic experience and further field of affordance which enables existence. In section 2, the basic color characteristics and the color in the relation with the characteristics of other structures were reviewed, which dealt with inorganic criterion suggested in the environmental design paradigm. First of all, the variances in the application of environmental colors were set up, and considerations in the application of colors were examined, by understanding the relation of inorganic aspects, such as width, material, location, a source of light and colors. 4. The Color Harmony Principles and the Harmonious Color Criteria The principles of color harmony which had been suggested by prior scholars were reviewed. Among them, the Barren s principle of color harmony was basically used for the application of environmental color in this study. Hering s color triangle theory was considered adequate in that nuance adjustment is crucial in the color planning of streets and city architecture. In addition, it was suggested that it should be applied to color triangle of natural color system for the systematic and empirical usages. The order and principle of colors in the nature was found from the un-linear view, and the yellow-red class was found to be fit to external color of city architecture as a result. The results suggest that the color of city environment should be the extension of human skin color and natural color. 5. The programming Stage for the planning and Application of the Environmental Color Chapter 5 introduced the procedural theory through programming stage for environmental color planning and application and explained the designing procedure. This study dealt with the subject, the passenger terminal in the new international airport which would influence the image of Korea as the entrance in the 21th century. The object of the case study was to improve the environmental airport from other airports in the international competitiveness as the hub airport in 21th century. The case study proceeded as follows. The first step was an analysis about planning objects and second was the suggestion of alternatives to design purpose and concepts. In the third step, color design planning related to exterior and interior was suggested and in the last, the planning procedure was evaluated. The passenger terminal of the international airport selected in the programming stage for environmental color planning and application was not recognized as a mere building but a micro urban system from the view of environmental system. In this vein, the above procedure is not limited to a building and should be applied to all areas in the city planning. Color is the most effective, economical and functional in controlling entropy and increasing negative entropy. Therefore, color should be considered as the national resource and energy. Individual and exhaustive attitude should be abandoned. Cultural negative entropy effects cause polished, positive, productive and cultural human behaviors and supports moral and ethical behaviors. Because the environmental beauty is the cultural energy, use of color by planning is the way of embedding cultural energy. The future will change according to people s plans in this age, therefore, urban beautification movement through color planning based on environmental design paradigm is required to provide better quality in the life and support positive behaviors in the next generation. The color planning by formation of thoughts based on holistic world view is the responsibility as well as the role of color specialists. If inorganic practice done in the past is disposed is disposed of and at the same time, the democratization of the environment by the participation of citizens in is accomplished, city and architecture as an open space will play a role oh cultural crystal.