아동을 위한 기독교적 성교육의 한 모형 연구

Abstract

오늘날 우리 사회는 성에 대한 전통적인 규범과 현대적인 성혁명의 물결이 부딪히는 상황 아래에서 금욕과 쾌락이라는 양극단적인 성문제가 성적 비행 및 성일탈로 번지고 있다. 이러한 상황 속에 청소년을 비롯한 아동들이 무방비하게 노출되어 있다. 최근들어 성에 대한 사회적 관심이 높아지면서, 청소년을 대상으로 하는 성교육이 마치 유행처럼 일어나고 있긴 하나, 청소년을 대상으로 성교육을 실시하는 것은 이미 커버린 어른에게 아이의 옷을 입히는 것과 마찬가지라고 여겨진다. 그리고 자신의 몸에 맞지 않는 작은 옷을 입고 혹독한 추위 속에서 떨게 하는 것과 마찬가지일 것이다. 또한 오늘날에는 과거에 비해 영양 상태가 좋아지면서 신체적으로 급성장 하는 2 차 성장기가 청소년기에서 아동후기로 빨라졌다. 그럼에도 불구하고 아직 우리에겐 성에 대한 전통적인 규범과 성혁명의 충돌을 이겨낼만한 가치관이 세워져 있지 않다. 그저 그 충돌로 인한 사태를 대비할 만한 예방적 차원에서 성교육을 실시한다거나 그 사태를 회피하도록 성에 대한 의식 및 태도를 억압하고 있다. 무엇보다도 근본적인 해결방안이 제시되어야 할 것이며, 그 방안의 성립을 위해서는 성이란 무엇인지에 대한 근본적인 물음이 제기되어야 한다고 본다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 성에 대한 근본적인 물음에 대한 해답을 성서에서 발견하고, 이에 따른 성교육의 한 모형을 제안하였다. 이와 같은 기독교적 성교육이 요청되는 현대 사회의 문제를 짚어 보면서 그 원인이 무엇인지 알고, 그로 인해 발생하는 아동들의 성문제를 파악하였다. 그리고 교회 안에서 가장 먼저 성교육이 이루어지지 못한 점을 반성하면서 기독교적 성교육의 시대적 필요성을 인식하는 데 시선을 모았다. 기독교적 성교육의 실천을 위한 밑거름으로서 하나님의 창조와 말씀에서 성에 대한 의미를 발견하였고, 그 의미가 왜곡, 변형되기도 했던 교회사의 성이해를 돌아 보았다. 그리고 기독교에서도 억눌리고 소외되었던 여성의 음성을 여성신학에서 요구하는 성이해를 통해 들어보았으며, 이러한 성이해를 가질 때 요구되는 새로운 기독교적 성이해는 무엇인지 알아 보았다. 이와 같은 성이해를 갖고서 기독교적인 성교육을 실시하기에 앞서 그 대상이 되는 아동의 성과 교회 교육에 대한 이해도 살핀 후, 기독교적인 성교육의 한 모형을 모색하여 실천 연구 하였다. 총 4 차시에 걸쳐서 성생리, 성역할, 성윤리에 대한 목적과 내용 및 방법을 창의적으로 세워 실천하고자 노력하였고, 그 실천 후에 토의를 통하여 평가하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 요약하고, 이 실험적인 연구를 통해 기독교적 성교육의 필요성과 당위성으로 교회의 시선들을 모아 개 교회적으로, 교단적으로 적극적인 움직임이 속개되기를 기대하면서 제언하여 보았다. ; Modern society faced with the various sex-related problems resulted from the double standard on sexuality, which is conveyed from the ancestors and the pleasure through sexual revolution. Children exposed to the dangerous situations were excluded from the current sexuality education because social believes did not allow them to be educated. Society thought the children were to young to be exposed to the sexuality education. Children in modern society are not the same as those of 1970 s and 1980 s. They are maturer than their counterparts in 1970 s and 1980 s in terms of their body and mentality. However, there were only few educators trying to educate their students with the advisable sexuality. Through the late of 1990 s, the social believes have been changed. Many educators realized the need of an advisable sexuality education. To find and develop an advisable sexuality education, educators had to answer the question on what is sexuality? In this study, the researcher pre-considered the sexuality as one of the God s creatures and the pure interaction between one man and one woman with pure love. In the Old Testament, the sexuality was positively recognized. The sexuality was explained as the power to create something new and keep the things already existed in a good shape and good condition. In addition, the Old Testament manifested the sexuality with the verb"to know". However, because the Bible was written under the patriarchal system. women have not had the right to know and express the sexuality in the Christian society. In contrast, Jesus mentioned that God created women with the exact same rights and opportunities as men s in terms of the sexuality. In spite of facts above, current understanding of the sexuality was distorted and mismodified. In this study, the researcher tried to show an effective model to treat and recover the distorted, midmodified understanding with Christian s point of view. Fifty-eight kids of the fifth grade department at K church in Seoul, Korea were studied. The reason to choose a church for this study was because a church was the place where men and women of all ages got together and spend their time together with the Christianity. The program consisted of three different categories, Sexual Physiology, Sexual Role, Sexual Ethics. The program had done four different times. In doing Sexual Physiology class, the samples were educated with the fact that the sexuality was also created by God at the first session. At the second session, the physiological aspect of the sexuality such as the pregnancy and the childbirth were explained. At the third session, the researcher tried to educate the samples with the sexual duties by changing their roles and cooperating with different genders. At the last session, the ethical problems were taught. To educate and interest the young samples, current TV commercials were utilized. The focus of the forth session was to change their misunderstanding on the sexuality due to various uncontrolled media such as TV and Magazines. Because of the lack of related literatures and restricted time and money, it was difficult for the researcher to implement this study perfectly. However, the model that the researcher had developed was successful in terms of the effectiveness of the educational sessions. In addition, the evaluation on the research was positive. The result might be limited to the church at which the research was done. It was dangerous to generalize the facts that the study had found to other churches and to other grades. In addition, it might be possible to get slightly different results if the educational sessions were repeated. Based on the results that the research had found, the researcher developed five recommendations for the advisable Christian sexuality education. First, Churches have to set up their consistent positions as educational systems for the advisable sexuality education. Modern churches are often more severe on sex problems than societies. Churches have to be the places for people to contrite their mistakes. They have to stop just blaming the people who made a mistake as sinners. Second, the sex education has to be continued. The effectiveness can not get only single educational session. Currently, churches have tried to invite outside instructors for single educational session. However, the efforts can not guarantee the kids are educated enough. The sexuality education has to be lifetime education. Third, educators who are charged in the sexuality education must be qualified in terms of their knowledge levels and their attitudes toward the kids. Their ability and characteristic can decide the quality of the education. It is recommended for each church to operate a school or institute to train qualified educators. Fourth, churches and families need to cooperate to educate kids with an advisable sexuality education. To be more effective, parents need to be volunteered to be educated. Last, it is recommended to open the sexuality class in theological schools. Most Christians in Korea tend to listen to their pastors carefully and follow the pastors values for their ethical lives. The theological schools are the places to train future pastors that are future opinion leaders of many Christians. If the schools train their students with a fine sexuality education based on strong Christianity, the effectiveness of the education would be maximized.