청소년의 출생순위와 성에 따른 자아개념, 학교생활 적응능력 및 사회적 능력

Abstract

본 연구의 목적은 출생순위와 성에 따른 청소년의 자아개념, 학교생활의 적응능력 및 사회적 능력의 차이를 살펴보는 것이다. 또 자아개념과 학교생활 적응능력 및 사회적 능력간의 상관관계를 성에 따라 구분하여 알아보았다. 본 연구는 최정곤(1997)이 Fitt(1965)의 ‘Tense Self-Scale’에 기초하여 재구성한 자아개념 척도, 임정순(1993)의 ‘아동의 학교생활 적응에 관한 검사지’를 근거로 노숙영(1997)이 작성한 학교생활 적응척도, Doh와 Falbo(1999)의 사회적 능력 척도를 이용하여, 중학교 1, 2학년 남녀학생 815명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 주요 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 출생순위에 따른 자아개념에는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 성에 따른 청소년의 자아개념 차이에서는, 자아개념의 하위영역 중 사회적 자아에서 유의적인 차이가 나타나 여아가 남아보다 더 높은 점수를 보였다. 둘째, 출생순위에 따른 청소년의 학교생활 적응능력은 유의적인 차이가 나타나첫째아가 외동이와 둘째아보다 교사관계가 좋았으며, 첫째아가 둘째아보다 수업태도와 학교규칙 준수를 잘 하였다. 또한 학교생활 적응에서의 성차도 유의적이어서, 남아가 여아보다 교사관계와 수업태도가 더 우수하였다. 그러나 교우관계에서는 출생순위와 성에 따른 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 청소년의 사회적 능력은 출생순위에 따라 유의적인 차가 나타나지 않는 반면,성에 따른 차이는 유의적이었다. 즉 제멋대로 행동은 남아가, 사교성은 여아가 더 높았다. 넷째, 남녀 청소년의 자아개념은 학교생활 적응능력 및 사회적 능력과 유의하게 정적 상관관계를 보여, 자아개념이 높을수록 학교생활 적응능력과 사회적 능력이 높게 나타났다. 또한 남녀 청소년의 학교생활 적응능력이 높을수록 사회적 능력이 높게 나타났다. ; The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of self-concept, school life adjustment competence and social competence of adolescent according to the birth order and the distinct of sex, and also to show the correlation of self-concept, school life adjustment competence and social competence by classifying according to the distinct of sex. The research target of this thesis was male and female students of 815 who are in first and second grade middle school, which made use the following; a standard of self-concept reorganizing the "Tense Self-Scale" of Fitt(1965) by Choi Jung Gon(1997), an adjustment standard of school life wrote out by Noh Suk Young(1997) based on "inspection paper on school life adjustment of children" of Lim Jung Soon(1993), social competence standard of Doh and Falbo(1999). The abstract of major research results was as followed. The first, there was no significant differences on self-concept according to the birth order. But in differences of self-concept of adolescent according to the distinct of sex, it showed significant differences on social self among the low rank of self-concept, and female children indicated higher point than male children. The second, there was on school life adjustment competence of adolescent according to the birth order, first child showed better than only child and second child on teacher relation, and better than second child on study attitude and observance of the school regulation. Also, there was significant-value in the distinct of sex on school life adjustment, and the male was superior to the female on teacher relation and study attitude. But there was no significant differences according to the birth order and the distinct of sex on schoolmate relation. The third, the social competence of adolescent was no significant differences according to the birth order, on the other hand, there was significant differences according to the distinct of sex. Male children was higher than female children on battiness and the reverse on sociability. The fourth, self-concept, school life adjustment competence and social competence of both sexes adolescent manifested positive correlation. The higher self-concept is, the better school life adjustment competence and social competence go. School life adjustment competence and social competence of both sexes adolescent manifested positive correlation. The higher school life adjustment competence is, the better social competence goes.