敎育哲學的 地平으로서의 元曉思想

Abstract

本 硏究는 元曉의의 佛敎에 나타난 人間形成觀과 社會觀을 敎育哲學的으로 분석·해석·음미하여 韓國敎育의 시사점을 모색한 것이다. 분석의 視點은 그의 思想속에서 각각 人間觀, 敎育의 本質, 敎育方法, 敎育目的등을 찾아내어 佛敎와 形式的 敎育사이의 관련성을 밝히는 것으로 전개되었다. 분석대상으로 삼은 元曉思想의 범위는 그의 現存하는 저서중에서 大乘起信論疏·同別記와 金剛三昧經論 그리고 遊心安樂道, 無量壽經宗要등을 주로 하였다. 元曉의 一心思想을 규명한 결과, 人間理解, 形成의 本質, 形成過程의 敎育的 作用, 形成作用의 敎育的 價値, 社會觀등이 분석되었다. 여기서 찾아진 元曉思想을 종합하면 다음과 같이 요약된다. 1) 和諍의 論法을 구사하여 깨달음의 認識論的 本質을 밝히므로써 一心을 本覺과 始覺을 통한 覺의 論理로 발전시키고 있다. 2) 일상적인 삶의 세계에서 精神的 生의 영원화를 추구하는 自我實現의 人間形成觀을 나타내고 있다. 3) 人間形成作用에 있어서 그는 熏習으로써의 敎師의 精神的 빛을 강조했다. 4) 깨달음에 의한 自利利他의 行爲는 通時的 次元속에서 현실사회가 平和와 自由의 세계가 되도록 노력하는 社會觀으로 연결되었다. 5) 理想社會는 인간마음에서 시작하고 인간마음에서 출발한다는 萬民平等思想에 기초되어 있다.;In this study, the view of becoming man and the view of social life which appear in Great Teacher Wonhyo's Buddhism have been analyzed, interpreted, and pondered in an education philosophical way, in an effort to seek some points which might contribute to the development of education. In the analysis, emphasis has been placed on seeking, in his thought, his view of man, essential qualities of education, education methods, and educational purposes, in order to ascertain the relationship between Buddhism and formal education. The scope of Wonhyo's thought in this study is derived from "Taesung Kishin Nonso and Dong Pyolki" (大乘起信論疎, 同別記) "Kumgang Sammaegyang Non" (金剛三昧經論), "Yusim Allakto"(遊心安樂道), "Muryangsugyang Chongyo"(無量壽經宗要) among other existing works of Wonhyo. The one-mind thought of Wonhyo has been analyzed in the following ways; the understanding of man, essentials of becoming, educational work of becoming course, educational value of becoming work, and view of social life. Highlights of Wonhyo's Buddhist thought discovered in this study are as follows : 1) Using freely his reasoning for preventing dispute (和諍의 論法), Wonhyo reveals the epistemological essence of awakening, thereby developing his reasoning for one-mind into a logic of awakening through an essential awakening (本覺) and an initial awakening (始覺). 2) In the world of daily life, he pursues the perpetuation of spiritual life, demonstrating his view of becoming man for the essential realization of oneself. 3) In the work of becoming man, Wonhyo emphasizes the teacher's spiritual luster as his influence (薰習). 4) Any self-seeking and altruistic acts through awakening are related to the view of social life for the effort of making this real society into Utopia, transcending time. 5) An ideal society is based on the theory of equality in real character of all men that it starts with man's mind. Wonhyo's thought may well be considered to present educational guidance and instructions to the education and teachers of contemporary times.