日帝下 安東地方의 農民運動에 관한 一硏究

Abstract

本槁는 日帝 植民地下의 한국농민운동의 一事例硏究로서 1920 년대부터 1930년대초에 걸친 慶尙北道 安東郡의 농민운동을 實證的으로 다룬 것이다. 먼저 本槁의 머리말에서는 從來 日帝下 農民運動에 관한 硏究成果를 槪觀하고 本槁의 연구목적을 밝혔다. 제Ⅱ章에서는 安東郡에서 농민운동이 발생하게 된 배경으로서, 安東郡 농민의 사회경제적 상태와 농민단체 성립의 기반이 되었던 사회단체운동으로 靑年會·朝鮮勞動共濟會 安東支會 등의 활동을 살펴 보았다. 이 靑年會등은 3·1 운동 직후 가장 먼저 結成된 사회단체로서 초기에 있어서는 有産者層, 知識人들이 중심이 된 敎育·文化活動 등 啓蒙的 성격을 지닌 활동이 주된 것이었다. 그런데 豊山 小作人會가 성립되면서부터 安東郡 농민운동이 본격적으로 전개되었다. 제Ⅲ장 A절에서는 이 豊山小作人會의 成立經緯와 小作人會 創立의 推進中心人物들의 性格 및 豊山小作人會의 組織狀況에 관해 살펴보았다. 그리고 B절에서는 豊山小作人會의 活動.指針을 실천하는 運動狀況에 관해 논하였다. 豊山小作人會의 運動樣相은 小作條件改善 運動, 地主에게 懷柔되어 小作人會의 분열·약화를 꾀하는 非會員 農民들에 대한 膺懲과 規制活動, 封建的 身分秩序撤廢運動 등으로 나타났으며 그 중 가장 중요한 활동으로는 小作條件改善運動이 있었다. 이것은 小作料減下, 小作權安定 등을 주요내용으로 한 것이었으며 이러한 小作人會 活動을 유형별로 나누어 고찰하였다. 제Ⅳ장 A절에서는 豊山小作人會와 함께 安東那 농민운동에서 중요한 역할을 담당하였던 革新된 청년회의 활동과 농민운동을 비롯한 各部門別 運動이 協同하게 되는 新幹會 安東支會의 活動에 관해 살펴보았다. 그리고 B절에서는 1920년대말부터 계속된 運動推進指 導層의 檢擧로 合法的 農民運動이 불가능하게 된 상황하에서 再組織된 非合法的 農民組合의 활동에 관해 고찰하였다. 이 非合法的 農民組合運動은 中央의 運動指導部가 존재하지 않았던 조건하에서 독자적으로, 1920년대 以來 농민운동의 주요활동내용이었던 日常的 經濟鬪爭만이 아니라 日帝와의 政治的 鬪爭으로까지 발전하였다는 점에서 주목되어지는 것이라 하겠다.;This thesis is a case study of the Korean peasant movements under the Japanese colonial rule. Especially it concentrates on the peasant movement in Andong district ( 安東郡 ), North Kyong-Sang province (慶尙北道) positively between 1920s and 1930s. Introduction was to survey the results of the study hitherto about the Korean peasant movements Under the Japanese colonial rule and to clarify the purpose of this study. In chapter Ⅱ, as the background of outbreak of peasant movement in Andong district, the writer studied the social-economic state of the peasant in Andong district and the social organization movement such as the Youth Group, Andong Branch of Chosun Labor Mutual-aid Association (朝鮮勞動共濟會)… etc. These organizations became the basis of formation of peasant organization. This Youth Group which was organized as a social group for the first time after March 1 Independent Movement took an active part in educational and cultural enlightment. Then, after the establishment of Pungsan Tenant Group (豊山小作人會), the peasant movement in Andong district began in earnest. In chapter Ⅲ. paragraph A, the writer considered the process of the establishment of the Pungsan Tenant Group and the characteristics of central figures in this establishment of the tenant group and futhermore the condition of the organization. In paragraph B, an aspect of the movement practicing the guiding principles of this group was discussed. This movement tried to improve the conditions of tenants and to abolish the feudal caste system and inflicted the punishment and the regulation to non-members peasants who disrupted and enfeebled the tenant group by the conciliation of landlords. The most important function of this movement was the improvement of tenant conditions, especially, the reduction of rent for tenancy and the stability of tenant right. The activities of Pungsan Tenant Group was divided into their different types and analysized in depth. In chapter Ⅳ, paragraph A dealted with the activity of the reformed Youth Group taking charge of important role in the peasant movement with Pungsan Tenant Group and the activity of Andong Branch of Shin-gan-hoe (新幹會 安東支會) became to cooperate the movement of each department beginning with the peasant movement. In paragraph B, it was discussed about the activity of unlawful peasant union under the situation of making the lawful peasant movement impossible for the arrest of leading members in this movement which is continued from the late period of 192O's. It is very significant that the movement of this unlawful peasant union developed not only to the ordinary economical struggle but also to the political one against Japanese Imperialism under the conditions of lacking central leading members.