J. Bowlby의 Attachment 理論硏究

Abstract

本 硏究는 John Bowlby의 Attachment 理論을 文獻을 통하여 考察하였다. Bowlby는 生後 6個月에서 3年동안의 어머니의 養育方法은 유아의 精神健康에 가장 광범위하고 깊은 影響을 미치며, 이러한 影響은 일생을 통해 非可速的이며 그 치료가 곤란하다는 것을 강조 하였다. Bowlby의 Attachment 理論은 獨創的인 硏究結果가 아니라 精神分析學, 比較行動學, 또한 現代工學部分의 制御理論等 여러 學問을 母子關係 理論에 導入하여 점진적으로 學問的 根據를 마련한 理論이다. 따라서 本 硏究에서는 Bowlby의 Attachment 理論이 발생하게 된 背景을 살펴 보므로서 이러한 여러 理論이 어떻게 Attachment 理論定立에 영향을 미치게 되었는지를 調査하였다. Bowlby의 Attachment 理論 硏究를 통해서는 "Attachment"라는 用語 자체에 대한 學問的인 槪念定義와 母子間에 愛着心이 발달되는 過程을 고찰하였고 이러한 愛着心이 어떠한 對象을 향해 발전되는지를 살펴보았다. 마지막으로 Bowlby, Attachment 理論의 가장 발전된 最近 理論인 愛着行動 制御設(Control Theory of Attachment Behavior)을 살펴 보므로서 Attachment 理論을 整理하였다. 本 硏究를 通해서는 Bowlby의 理論에 對한 評價나 "Separation"이나 "Loss"에 대한 Bowlby의 理論體制에 대해서는 언급되지 않았다. 이러한 点이 本 硏究의 限界点이며 이러한 限界点은 앞으로의 Bowlby에 對한 硏究를 통해 소개될 것을 기대한다. 本 硏究에서 다룬 Attachment 理論을 통해서 보다 學問的 根據가 있고 具體的인 養育方法에 접근할 수 있으리라 생각하며, Piaget를 중심으로한 兒童期의 知的發達에 對한 관심과 함께 情緖的인 發達에 대해 관심을 갖게 하므로서 보다 均衡잡힌 兒童發達 理論을 定立하는데 작은 契機가 될 수 있으리라 생각한다.;In this dissertation, studied John Bowlby's attachment theory in a bibliographical approach. According to John Bowlby, the mother's method of bringing up her child between six months to three years after the birth has an extensive influence on the spiritual health of the child. He said that this influence was so irreversible that it could hardly be altered. Bowlby's attachment theory is not a result of any original or creative research; he developed this theory gradually by introducing psychoanalysis, comparative behavioral science and control theories of modern engineering to the child-mother relationship. In this study, reviewed and analyzed the backgrounds of Bowlby's attachment theory in order to identify how psychoanalysis, comparative behavioral science and control theories of modern engineering had influence on his attachment theory. In the study of Bowlby's attachment theory itself, reviewed the academic definition of the term, "attachment" and considered the development process of attachment between mother and child. Finally, this dissertation dealt with the control theory of attachment behavior, the most advanced form of Bowlby's attachment theory, in an attempt to realign attachment theories. In this dissertation, did not evaluate Bowlby's theory nor did review his theories of "separation" and "loss". This is the limit of this study, and wish it will go beyond this limit in the future study of Bowlby. This study of attachment theory will provide an approach to a method of bringing up children which is more academically founded and more concrete in approach, and at the same time an opportunity of establishing a balanced theory of bringing up children by means of arousing concern about the intellectual development, as stressed by Piaget, and about the emotional development during the childhood.