審美眼 向上을 爲한 鑑賞學習 프로그램 開發에 關한 硏究

Abstract

中等學校 美術敎科의 窮極的인 목표는 造形의 基礎的 표현 및 감상활동을 통하여 美的情緖와 創造性을 길러주는데 있다. 따라서 美術敎科의 교수-학습중 必須的으로 지도해야 할 美的直觀力과 自己 表現力을 伸張시키는 문제를 중심으로 감상지도를 생각해 볼때 비교적 表現을 돕고자 하는 鑑賞學習은 이루어지는 편이나 鑑賞眼目을 伸張시켜 주는 鑑賞學習 즉 보는 힘을 기르는 鑑賞學習의 指導가 소홀하여 결국 눈을 뜨고도 볼 줄 모르는 학생으로 指導한 결과가 되어온 점을 打開하고자 본 연구에서는 審美眼을 啓發시킬수 있는 감상 교수-학습 方法을 提示하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 첫째, 美術 敎科課程 分析 및 內容精選의 문제 둘째, 鑑賞學習의 密度를 높이기 위한 교수-학습 方案과 자료활용 方案의 문제 세째, 發展的인 鑑賞學習으로 審美的 眼目을 높일 수 있는 方案등의 문제점을 提示하였다. 이와같은 문제점을 解決할 수 있는 學習方案으로 鑑賞學習의 內容 및 要素를 分析하고 鑑賞學習 프로그램을 開發, 교수-학습 과정에 適用하였다. 또한 鑑賞프로그램 學習의 效果를 높이기 위하여 교수-학습 지도안을 開發, 活用하였으며 학생들의 鑑賞機會를 擴大시켜 주는 方案의 하나로 鑑賞錄을 作成, 活用시켰다. 이상과 같은 硏究의 效果를 알아보기 위하여 연구반 학생 120명과 비교반 학생 120명을 對象으로 說問紙 및 鑑賞能力 評價紙를 投入하여 조사분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 鑑賞態度면에서 연구반 학생들이 비교반 학생들보다 鑑賞의 機會를 자주 가지려고 노력하는 傾向이 두드러졌으며 美術鑑賞 學習에 대한 興味度가 높게 나타났다. 2) 다양한 鑑賞機會의 擴大를 통하여 연구반 학생들의 美術文化에 대한 관심이 높아져 美術品의 도판이나 사진등을 관심있게 수집하며 문화재와 미술품에 대한 愛好精神이 높아졌다. 3) 鑑賞能力면에서도 연구반이 美的인 요소와 작품의 特徵美에 대한 이해등의 감상능력 成就水準이 비교반보다 顯著히 높게 나타나 段階的인 프로그램 학습을 통하여 美的인 眼目이 向上되었음을 알 수 있었다. 4) 學生들이 갖고있는 潛在的인 限目은 바람직한 감상학습으로 충분히 啓發, 誘導시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 일선 현장에서 소홀히 다루어지고 있는 미술 감상학습 방안의 改善에 대한 持續的인 연구와 노력이 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.;The wishful purpose of the fine arts curriculum of middle schools is to make students achieve expressing abilities of some basic plastic forms, and improve their aesthetic senses and creativity ty means of appreciative activities. And considering the subject of improving students' direct-observative ability of the beauti and their expressing ability. which should be directed with-out fail in teaching and learning activities of middle school curriculum, we can say that the appreciative studies helping expressions are being somewhat fullfilled, but the appreciative studies improving aestetic sense, that is an eye for the beautiful are so neglectly teached that students are unable to see even though they have eyes. Therefore, as a countermeasure of finding a way out of the consequences, the teaching and learning program of appreciation enabling students improve their aesthetic senses is suggested in this study. For this, at first a subject of analyzing the fine arts curriculum of middle schools and contents-choosing from that, Secondly, a subject of teaching-learning program and materials-utilizing program for the development of the learning of appreciaation, and thirdly, a subject of the program improving aesthetic sense by means of the developmental learning of appreciation have been suggested. As a learning programs that is able to solve such subjects, the learning program of appreciation has been analyzed in its contents and items, and then developed and adapted in teaching and learning curriculum. And besides, to increase the effect of the learning program of appreciation, a book of teaching-learning guiding principles has been made an- put to practical use, and as a method of enlarging students' apportunities for appredication the students have been leaded to make the most of the description of their feelings. To investigate the effect of the study like above, one hundred and twenty students of study class and the same number of students of comparative class have been induced to answer to the sheets of questions and the sheets of estimating the ability of appreciation, and the outcomes was analyzed liek below. 1) In the respect of appreciating attitude, the students of study class was more remarkable exerted to get the opportunities for appreciation frequently, and showed higher extent of interest in fine arts study of appreciation than the students of comparative class. 2) Through the enlargement of opportunities of various appreciations, the students of study class hhave been got the higher interest about art culture, collected pictures and photos of art-devices interestedly, and became to Aeat kindly cultural properties and art-devices. 3) Out of the fact that also in the respect of appreciating ability the study class has been more higher than the comperative class in its appreciating ability and degree of accomplishment of the understanding of beautiful point and characteristic beauty of an art, we can see that the students of study class has been improved in thir aesthetic sense through the gradual learning programs. 4) It was concluded that the substancial abilities to have an eye for the beautiful of the students can be developed and improved enough by means of some appropriate leaning program of appreciation. It is though that, therefore, continuous study and endeavour should be made to improve the learning program of art-appreciation, which are being easily neglectedin the very acts along the line.