忠洲地方의 煙草栽培에 관한 地理學的 硏究

Abstract

This research selected Chungju as a sample district, which is the source and center of yellow-type Tobacco plant and analyzed the geographical feature of tobacco farming region. Chung Won Kun, Tongryang Myeon, one of the highest productive area, was selected for this research and the history, the location of cultivation and the direction of diffusion according to the change of major productive area were also investigated. The history of tobacco farming was investigated in four periods. The first is free-sale period before the practice of monopoly act in 1921 and the second is monopoly period under the domination of Japan, and the third is autonomous organization period from the Restoration of Independence to pre-60' and the fourth is the growing period after the promulgation of the law of Tobacco Plant Productive Union. According to the culture and condition of nature, this research investigated the main cause of location and analyzed the geographical features of tobacco plant region, which are the scene-characteristic of farm house, the utilization of land, the system of cultivation and the life pattern etc. The results may be summarized as follows, 1. The output of tobacco farming marked the peak in 1978 but gradually decrease owing to the lack of working power in rural community according to rural exodus. 2. The house-structure of tobacco farming region as a complex management system is like the Chinese letter '一' type, the Korean letter 'ㄱ' type but owing to equipment of drying room, differs from the common settlement of rural community in perpendicular view of village. 3. The tobacco farming regions in Chungju are expanding into a bad-transportation region a slow information region, a northern section with high rate of field. In these phenomena, appear the submergence of faming land owing to accomplishment of Chungju Dam, occurance of insect pests according to deterioration of productive land.;本 硏究는 우리나라 黃色種 煙草栽培의 始原地이자 中心地인 忠州地方의 地理的 特色을 分析하였다. 硏究地域의 煙草栽培의 歷史, 栽培立地, 土地利用과 耕作體系, 生産量 等을 다룸으로써 煙草栽培地域이 갖는 地理的 特色을 分析하는 데 目的을 두었다. 硏究資料는 「韓國 專賣史」, 「忠州 葉煙草 生産 組合史」와 충추시와 중원군의 「統計年報」에 의하였고, 地圖 作成時 利用된 資料는 1:25000 地形圖와 1 :25000 土地利用圖를 使用하였다. 이들 資料를 分析하여 얻어진 結果는 다음과 같다. 忠州地方의 煙草栽培는 1912年 當時 담배재배에 良好한 埴壞土와 砂壞土로 構成된 自然的 立地와 豊富한 勞動力, 便利한 交通이 人文的 立地要因으로 作用하여 黃色種 煙草栽培의 發祥地로 選定되었다. 煙草栽培地域의 家屋構造는 混合經營體制로 中部地方의 '一자형' 'ㄱ자형'과 같으나 乾燥場 施設로 因하여 村落의 垂直的 景觀에 있어서는 一般 農村聚落과 區分된다. 忠州地方의 煙草 栽培地는 점차 交通이 不便한 地域, 情報가 느린 地域, 밭의 比率이 높은 北部地域으로 擴散되어 가고 있는 趨勢이다. 煙草의 生産量은 全國의 생산량과 마찬가지로 1978年을 最高 絶頂期로 1980年代에 들어서는 離村向都 현상에 따른 勞動力의 不足으로 점차 栽培面積이 減少하고 있다.