가정보육시설의 운영실태 및 부모의 요구에 관한 연구

Abstract

본 연구는 가정복지시설을 이용하는 부모들과 가정복지시설에 종사하는 보육교사를 대상으로 가정복지시설의 일반적인 운영현황과 부모들의 요구를 조사하고 이에 제기되는 개선점을 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 목적에 따라 다음과 같은 연구과제를 설정하였다. 1. 가정보육시설의 일반적인 운영상황은 어떠한가? 2. 가정보육시설의 보육교사의 배경과 인식및 교육현황은 어떠한가? 3. 가정보육시설을 이용하는 부모의 요구는 어떠한가? 4. 가정보육시설의 개선점은 무엇인가? 본 연구는 충청북도 청주시에 신고된 32개의 가정보육시설 주보육교사와 이 시설을 이용하는 185명의 부모님들을 대상으로 하였다. 설문지는 교사용과 부모용으로 나누어 실시되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가정보육시설은 92년-94년에 주로 설립되었고 과반수 이상의 시설이 1층의 21평-30평 면적을 임대하여 이용하고 있으나 실외공간은 거의 확보하지 못하고 있었다. 아동정원은 6-15명으로 법정정원에 준하였고, 운영시간을 보면 종일반은 평일의 경우 11시간, 반일반은 6시간 정도이며 융통성이 부여되었다. 월보육비는 연령과 보육시간에 따라 차이를 두고 있었다. 시설의 흥미영역 구성과 교재교구의 제공은 부족하여 질적인 보육을 하기에 부적절하였다. 둘째, 가정보육시설의 보육교사 구성은 유치원교사 자격이나 보육사 자격을 소지한 교사와 무자격 교사가 함께 있으며, 아동들에게 부모대신 따뜻한 애정을 주는 교사로서 그러한 역할에 만족하고 있었다. 그러나 보육교사들은 낮은 인건비와 장시간 근무조건의 개선이 시급하며 이에 대한 정부의 재정적 지원이 필요하다고 강조했다. 세째, 가정보육시설의 이용자는 자녀를 돌보아줄 사람이 없는 핵가족으로 대부분 구성되었으며, 가정보육시설에서 아동에 대한 정서적인 안정과 애정을 원했다. 이용시간은 종일반의 경우 평일 12시간, 반일반은 4시간을 요구하면서 집단크기는 10명 미만의 혼합연령 집단을 선호했다. 현재의 월보육비는 부담이 크기 때문에 정부보조가 필요하다고 지적했다. 시설을 이용하면서 가족적인 분위기와 교사의 세심한 배려에 만족하고 있으나 교육시설에 대한 보수와 교재교구 구입, 실외놀이공간 확보는 개선되어야 한다고 보았다. 보육교사는 전문대학졸업으로 1-2년 경력을 갖은 20-30세의 아동들에 대한 사랑을 갖은 교사이길 원했다. 네째, 가정보육시설의 개선점은 시설에 대한 정부의 감독체제가 형식적인 절차로 아주 미흡한 실정이며 시설의 영세성과 재정부족으로 정부의 재정지원과 시설에 대한 각종 복지혜택과 세금공제등이 요구되고 있으나 거의 지원받지 못하고 있다. 보육시설의 운영은 전적으로 보육료에 의존하고 있어 보육교사들의 처우개선및 시설내 교재교구 비치와 노후시설보수가 어려우므로 정부의 재정지원과 관심이 요망된다.;The purpose of this study is to survey the general operation situation of the family day care and the requirements of the parents of the children with objects of the parents and the care givers, and to take a view on the matters to be improved. The following study projects have been established along the purpose of the study. 1. How is the general operation situation of the family day care? 2. What is the background and perception of the care givers, and how is their education situation? 3. What are the requirements of the parents whose children are attending at the family day cares? 4. What are the mattered points of the family day care to be improved? The objects of this study are the regular care givers and 185 parents of the 32 family day cares being reported to Chungju City Hall, Choongbuk Province, Korea. The questionnaire were prepared into two separate forms, for the care givers and the parents; the collected questionnaires were checked for their frequency and percentage. The result of study is as follows; Firstly, the family day care facilities were established during 1992 to 1994 mostly, and the motive of operator of the facilities are generally that they simply are fond of being with the children and they though the day care work is suitable occupation for them through their life as women. The premises of the day care are rent on a deposit basis, and the facilities were generally located at the 1st floor of the building with an average are of 21 pyungs to 32 pyungs. However, they have not secured enough area for the effective day care. The average number of children accommodated are 6 to 15, and among them the all day classes were operated for 90.5% of the facilities, while the half-day classes were only 50%. The operation hour for all-day class in weekday is 08:00 to 19:00 while the half-day class is 08:00 to 14:00. On Saturday, the all-day classes are open during 08:00 to 15:00, and some 44% of the day care facilities were not opened for half-day class. The care changes per month for less than 3 years of age are ￦160,000 to ￦200,000 for all class charges ￦110,000 to ￦150,000 which occupies 43.7% of the total class. The children at all-day class, above 3 years, are charged for ￦100,000 to ￦200,000, while the half-day class pays for ￦60,000 to ￦100,000. And other charges were at times imposed for the extra-hour care. The snacks are provided for the children twice daily, and regular meal once. Some half of the total number of the facilities are provided with children's game room, and most of the facilities have group class area, reading room, and playing with a doll area. The regular class rooms are insufficient. The airconditioning systems for the facilities are mostly depended upon fans for summer time, and in winter time, the rooms were heated by oil boiler. Secondly, some 65.5% of the total number of facility have two care givers, a regular care giver and an assistant care giver respectively, their age distribution is between 26 to 30. Among them, some 32.8% are married and majored in incant education at junior colleges, 32.7% have certificate of qualification, while most of the assistant care givers are without the qualification certificates.(34.4%). The regular caregivers were satisfied in their care work taking a role of the children's parents with warm affection. Generally, the relationship between the parents and the care givers was satisfactorily ept on : however, the most difficult point for the care givers was the excessive care hours. The average monthly income of the care givers are between ￦510,000 and ￦700,000 and that of the assistant care givers was between 310,000 to 500,000. Their average employment period is one year, and their reason for transfer is chiefly due to the lower level of their salary. The regular care givers wanted to take a program for the infant and children's education. The mattered point to the improved in the operation of the family day care is the better treatment of the care givers with government support, some ￦310,000 to ￦400,000 monthly per each facility. And, for the further development of welfare of the total givers in that area, it is required special beneficiary for tax reduction and health management benefits. Thirdly, the average age of the parents whose children are attending at the day care facilities are between 31 and 40, most of them are college graduates. The children's father are mostly engaging in sales and service field, and some 61.7% of their mother are engaging in service, management, and professional occupation, and 39.3% of them are full-time home makers. Their monthly income was between ￦1.000.000 and 2,000,000 and their family are consisted of parents and two children, namely nuclear families, which occupies more than a halt of the total respondent. The parents were desirable of sending their children at 2 or 4 years of age to the family day care. The purpose of their use of care facilities is chiefly due to lack of care givers around their life, and their average use period in the beginning, and asked the care givers to take care of their children in a relaxed and profoundly affectionate manner. The desirable care hour of the parents are from 08:00 to 18:00 for all day class, and 09:00 to 14:00 for half-day class; while on Saturday, the all-day class for 08:00 to 14:00 and half-day class 09:00 to 13:00. Their reasonable number of children a class is less than 10 children, and the ratio of care giver and the children is 1.4:5, consisting a mixed-age group. Furthermore, the parents are desirous of playing the care charge within the range of ￦160,000 to 200,000 for all-day class for less than 3 year-old children, and for half-day class ￦110,000 to 150,000; and for the above 3 year of age, ￦110,000 to 150,000 for all-day class, while the half-day class ￦60,000 to 100,000. As whole, the parents were quite satisfied with the peaceful family amenity of the facilities and the detailed care performance of the care givers. However, they left confused of having short of care hours for their children. The wanted the facility providing two times of snack and regular meal for once each day to supply a uniformed nurishment to their children. The characteristics of a family day care is comparatively little number of children with various relationship formed by mixed span of age for its feature, and the weak point has been indicated by the parents that the facility has little space for the play ground both inside and outside of the facility. The parents also wanted the care givers to be graduates of junior college with major in child-care giving or kindergarten with experience in the field of service for on or two years, with profound affection for the children, reasonable age span between 20 to 30. The mattered points to be improved on the family day care facility are the purchase of teaching materials and tools as well as supplementing maintenance of the facility. The decision of nurture of children are made mutually by the both parents, and the parents thought that the mother of children may be secured in engaging in a work if she has any one substitute of herself of entrusting her children at a family day care facility. They are willing to provide snack for the children one per each month to help the facility, and they recognized that the education both at their home and at the family day care are all equally related each other. Fourthly, the further mattered points to be improved on the daye care facility is that the government supervisory system is imperfect in its procedure in practice; and regarding the feeble financial standing of the facility, it is required of the government financial support, various benefits related to the facility, and reduction of taxes and public levies as well. However, the present situation of the facility operation is so tough that their financial source is entirely depend on the care charges. Consequently, the family day care facilities are becoming inferior in quality with the pending problems of improvement of care giver treatment, lack of teaching materials and tools, and the outdated facility itself.