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A visibility-based estimation of PM2.5 concentrations in Pyongyang, North Korea: Current status and long-term trends
- Title
- A visibility-based estimation of PM2.5 concentrations in Pyongyang, North Korea: Current status and long-term trends
- Authors
- Seo, Jihoon; Kim, Yong Pyo; Kim, Jin Young; Yeo, Min Ju
- Ewha Authors
- 김용표
- SCOPUS Author ID
- 김용표
- Issue Date
- 2023
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
- ISSN
- 0959-6526
1879-1786
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION vol. 388
- Keywords
- PM2.5; Visibility; Relative humidity; Long-term trends; Pyongyang; North Korea
- Publisher
- ELSEVIER SCI LTD
- Indexed
- SCIE; SCOPUS
- Document Type
- Article
- Abstract
- In the absence of direct measurements of fine particles (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters <=-2.5 mu m; PM2.5), visibility can be a useful alternative indicator of particulate air quality. This study estimated the current status and long-term trends of PM2.5 in the North Korean capital, Pyongyang, using an empirical visi-bility-relative humidity (RH)-PM2.5 relationship obtained from the South Korean capital, Seoul. The visibili-ty-RH-PM2.5 relationship was derived from PM2.5 and meteorological variables for the period of 2003-2018 in Seoul, excluding days affected by hydrometeor conditions; it was applied to long-term meteorological data for the period of 1983-2018 in both Seoul and Pyongyang. In recent years (2016-2018), the average estimated PM2.5 concentration in Seoul was-23 mu gm(-3), which was close to the measured concentration of-25 mu g m(-3). The average estimated PM2.5 concentration in Pyongyang for the same period was-35 mu gm(-3)13; 3. The estimated PM2.5 concentration in Seoul was generally high before 2000 (-34 mu g m(-3)); it decreased beginning in the 2000s (-5.2 mu gm(-3) per 10 years) because of the emission control policy and meteorological phenomena. The estimated PM2.5 concentration in Pyongyang significantly decreased until 1998 (-5.9 mu g m(-3) per 10 years), then increased from 1999 to 2018 (+8.5 mu gm(-3) per 10 years). The growth in gross national income, total primary energy supply, and coal-fired thermal electricity generation implied that the long-term changes in the estimated PM2.5 concentration in Pyongyang were closely related to the economic contraction and recovery of North Korea. This study provides estimates of North Korean air quality, along with information that can be used to validate chemical transport models.
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136007
- Appears in Collections:
- 공과대학 > 화공신소재공학과 > Journal papers
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