Better Oral Hygiene Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Meniere's Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Abstract

To investigate the association of the oral health parameters with Meniere's disease in a nationwide population-based longitudinal cohort database. The data of the participants who underwent an oral health screening by dentists in 2003 (n = 2,415,963) were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. The main outcome was the occurrence of Meniere's disease, defined as two or more claims of the diagnostic code H810 with a previous audiometric examination. The occurrence of Meniere's disease was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model according to the presence of periodontitis and the oral health examination findings, including missing teeth, the frequency of tooth brushing and dental scaling. Overall, the analysis included 2,240,282 participants. During a median follow-up of 16.7 years, Meniere's disease developed in 112,106 (5.0%) participants. Poor oral health status was characterized by the presence of periodontitis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.22, p < 0.001) and an increased number of missing teeth (>= 15; aHR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18-1.32, p < 0.001) was associated with an increased risk of Meniere's disease. Better oral hygiene behaviors, such as frequent tooth brushing (>= 3 per day; aHR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.73-0.76, p < 0.001) and dental scaling within 1 year (aHR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97-0.99, p = 0.003) were negatively associated with the occurrence of Meniere's disease. The presence of periodontitis and an increased number of missing teeth may augment the risk of the occurrence of Meniere's disease. However, maintaining good oral hygiene through tooth brushing and dental scaling may be associated with a decreased risk of Meniere's disease. Further studies should confirm the association between oral health and Meniere's disease.