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Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Mechanisms of GTS-21, an α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist, in Neuroinflammation and Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Models
- Title
- Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Mechanisms of GTS-21, an α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist, in Neuroinflammation and Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Models
- Authors
- Park J.-E.; Leem Y.-H.; Park J.-S.; Kim D.-Y.; Kang J.L.; Kim H.-S.
- Ewha Authors
- 이지희; 김희선; 박진선; 임예현
- SCOPUS Author ID
- 이지희; 김희선; 박진선; 임예현
- Issue Date
- 2022
- Journal Title
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- ISSN
- 1661-6596
- Citation
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences vol. 23, no. 8
- Keywords
- GTS-21; microglia; molecular mechanism; neuroinflammation; Parkinson’s disease; α7 nAChR agonist
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Indexed
- SCIE; SCOPUS
- Document Type
- Article
- Abstract
- Neuroinflammation is crucial in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, con-trolling neuroinflammation has been proposed as an important therapeutic strategy for neurodegener-ative disease. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of GTS-21, a selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) agonist, in neuroinflammation and Parkinson’s disease (PD) mouse models. GTS-21 inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide syn-thase (iNOS) and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and primary microglia. Further research revealed that GTS-21 has anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and upregulating AMPK, Nrf2, CREB, and PPARγ signals. The effects of GTS-21 on these pro-/anti-inflammatory signaling molecules were reversed by treatment with an α7 nAChR antagonist, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects of GTS-21 are mediated through α7 nAChR activation. The anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of GTS-21 were then confirmed in LPS-induced systemic inflammation and MPTP-induced PD model mice. In LPS-injected mouse brains, GTS-21 reduced microglial activation and production of proinflammatory markers. Furthermore, in the brains of MPTP-injected mice, GTS-21 restored locomotor activity and dopaminergic neuronal cell death while inhibiting microglial activation and pro-inflammatory gene expression. These findings suggest that GTS-21 has therapeutic potential in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- DOI
- 10.3390/ijms23084420
- Appears in Collections:
- 의과대학 > 의학과 > Journal papers
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