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dc.contributor.advisor우정원-
dc.contributor.author김민재-
dc.creator김민재-
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-07T16:32:27Z-
dc.date.available2022-02-07T16:32:27Z-
dc.date.issued2022-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000184503-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000184503en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/260299-
dc.description.abstractThe optical properties of a medium are described by the dielectric permittivity and the refractive index. Dielectric permittivity is associated with the polarization induced upon application of optical electric field, while refractive index determines optical phase advance of propagating light. Based on the relation of refractive index and dielectric permittivity, light propagation property related to refractive index can be controlled by manipulating dielectric permittivity. An optical medium where real part of dielectric permittivity approaches to zero in optical spectral range is called as optical epsilon-near-zero material. Therefore, the optical phase advance vanishes in epsilon-near-zero material. Several important linear optical processes have been observed in epsilon-near-zero material. For example, a directive emission of light takes place when optical wave propagates from epsilon-near-zero optical medium to vacuum. Also, Purcell factor is enhanced near epsilon-near-zero optical medium, leading to an increased spontaneous emission rate. And boundary conditions at the interface involving epsilon-near-zero optical medium allows for wavefront shaping. Furthermore, we note that the appearance of epsilon-near-zero is associated with anomalous dispersion and that a vanishing optical phase advance is associated with a slow group velocity in epsilon-near-zero spectral range. Related to this, it is shown that optical Kerr nonlinearity is shown to be strongly enhanced in the epsilon-near-zero spectral range of organic epsilon-near-zero films, which is attribute to an enhancement of third-order nonlinear optical processes owing to a slow group velocity. Epsilon-near-zero behaviour is observed in Drude-type optical medium such as noble metal with epsilon-near-zero frequency at plasma frequency. As an artificial optical medium possessing epsilon-near-zero, hyperbolic metamaterial can be designed to possess epsilon-near-zero behaviour, for examples, metallic nanowire arrays in dielectrics or metal-dielectric multilayers. Hyperbolic metamaterial is optically anisotropic, and epsilon-near-zero spectral range can be located either in-plane component or out-of-plane component, corresponding to transverse epsilon-near-zero or longitudinal epsilon-near-zero, respectively. Regarding organic epsilon-near-zero optical films, quinoidal oligothiophene derivative monolithic molecular film and regioregular poly (3-alkylthiophenes) polymeric film are shown to posses a transverse negative hyperbolic dispersion with transverse epsilon-near-zero. In particular, organic epsilon-near-zero films are employed for high resolution imaging in biological and biochemical applications. In this work, we present two research works on ENZ optical films. First, we demonstrated the presence of epsilon-near-zero at out-of-plane permittivity in newly synthesized polymethine dye organic film. Squaraine indolenine triethyleneglycol molecule self-organizes to form a layered structure in a pristine film, and both transverse negative and positive hyperbolic dispersions are observed at visible wavelengths. Optical characterization of squaraine pristine film is presented, and the importance of transverse positive hyperbolic dispersion in such monolithic thin film is discussed. Second, we examined how second-order nonlinear optical process is related to epsilon-near-zero and epsilon-near-pole of dielectric permittivity. By adopting two-beam interferometry of Mach-Zehnder interferometer, optical Pockels nonlinearity is measured in the visible spectral range of dielectric permittivity of organic epsilon-near-zero films. The centro-symmetry breaking at epsilon-near-zero film surface is found to be responsible for a presence of Pockels nonlinearity, originating from surface nonlinearity. In addition, a strong wavelength-dependent dispersion of Pockels nonlinearity showed that a large refractive index associated with epsilon-near-pole is responsible for the enhancement of Pockels nonlinearity.;매질의 광학적 특성은 유전율과 굴절률로 설명된다. 매질의 유전율은 유도 편광과 관련이 있는 반면, 매질의 굴절률은 빛의 광학적 위상을 결정한다. 굴절률과 유전율의 관계에 따라 매질의 굴절률과 관련된 빛의 전파 특성은 매질의 유전율으로 제어할 수 있다. 매질의 유전율 스펙트럼에서 유전율의 실수 부분이 0에 가까워지는 파장영역을 0-근접-유전율 영역이라고 하며, 이러한 0 근접 유전율을 가진 매질을 0-근접-유전율 매질이라고 한다. 0-근접-유전율 매질에서는 몇 가지 중요한 선형 광학특성이 일어난다. 전자기파가 0-근접-유전율 광학매질에서 진공으로 나갈 때 빛의 방향성 방출이 일어나며, 0-근접-유전율 광학매질 근처에서는 퍼셀 인자가 증가되어 자가 방출률이 증가하고, 0-근접-유전율 광학매질을 포함하는 경계면에서는 전자기파의 경계 조건에 따라 파면 다듬기가 가능하다. 자유전자를 갖는 금속의 유전율은 드루드 유전율이며, 플라즈마 주파수가 0-근접-유전율 주파수에 해당하고 대표적인 0-근접-유전율 특성을 갖는 광학 매질이다. 쌍곡 메타물질은 0-근접-유전율을 가진 인공 매질로서 0-근접-유전율 특성을 갖고 있다. 쌍곡 메타물질은 광학적으로 비등방성이며, 0-근접-유전율 파장영역이 광축에 수직방향성분 또는 수평방향성분에 존재할 수 있다. 유기 0-근접-유전율 광학 박막의 예로 QQT(CN)4 단층 분자박막과 P3HT 고분자박막을 들 수 있다. 두 경우 모두 횡단 음 쌍곡분산을 가지고 있으며 0-근접-유전율은 광축에 수직방향성분에만 존재한다. 유기 0-근접-유전율 박막은 생물학적 및 생화학 분야에서 고해상도 이미징에 사용될 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 유기 0-근접-유전율 박막의 선형 및 비선형 광학성질을 연구했다. 첫째, 폴리메틴 스콰린 분자를 새롭게 합성하여 분자박막을 제작하였다. 분자박막은 층상구조로 이루어져있으며 광축이 기판 법선방향 기준으로 기울어져 있음을 확인했다. 분자박막의 선형 광학성질을 확인한 결과, 0-근접-유전율 파장영역이 수직방향성분과 수평방향성분 모두에 존재함을 밝혔다. 둘째, 0-근접-유전율 유기박막의 2차 비선형 광학성질을 연구했다. 포켈스효과는 외부전기장이 매질에 가해 질 때 일어나는 굴절률 변화를 가리키며 2차 비선형 광학효과에 해당한다. 마하-젠더 간섭계를 이용하여 외부 전기장 변조에 따른 0-근접-유전율 유기박막을 통과하는 빛의 위상변조를 측정하였다. 중심대칭성이 분자박막과 기판 사이에서 깨어지므로 전기광학효과가 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 전기광학신호 크기와 0-근접-유전율의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 전기광학신호는 측정 파장에 따라 강한 분산을 보여주었으며 이것은 0-근접-유전율 박막의 강한 선형분산과 관련이 있음을 밝혔다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsI. Introduction 1 II. Anisotropic epsilon-near-zero property in squaraine molecular film 10 A. Design of Material and Characterization of Structure 11 1. Design of organic molecule 11 2. Grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering 11 B. Characterization of Optical Properties 13 1. Spectroscopic ellipsometry 14 2. Attenuated total reflection measurement 18 3. Linear optical properties 23 4. Reflection, transmission, and absorption depending on incidence angle of light 30 5. Excitation of SEP in anisotropic medium 32 III. Preparation of isotropic epsilon-near-zero film 36 A. Molecule structure and film fabrication 36 B. Characterization of optical properties 45 1. Spectroscopic ellipsometry 46 2. Linear optical properties 56 IV. Electro-optic modulation in isotropic and anisotropic epsilon-near-zero films 62 A. Second-order electro-optic effect 63 B. Mach-Zehnder interferometry measurement 66 C. Dependence of intensity ratio on electric field modulation 69 1. Isotropic epsilon-near-zero films 70 2. Anisotropic epsilon-near-zero film 80 3. Summary 83 D. Surface second-order susceptibility and refractive index 84 1. Isotropic epsilon-near-zero films 85 2. Anisotropic epsilon-near-zero film 95 3. Summary 99 E. Pockels coefficients and in-device figure of merit to quantify the efficiency of optical modulator 100 1. Isotropic epsilon-near-zero films 101 2. Anisotropic epsilon-near-zero film 112 3. Summary 116 F. Second-order nonlinear response at interface 117 G. Numerical simulation of electric response of surface 123 V. Conclusion 125 References 128 Appendix 136 국문초록 159-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent23015520 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc500-
dc.titleLinear and second-order nonlinear optical properties of organic epsilon-near-zero films-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.title.translated유기 0-근접-유전율 박막의 선형 및 비선형 광학 성질-
dc.format.pagexvii, 162 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 물리학과-
dc.date.awarded2022. 2-
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