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dc.contributor.advisor임은미-
dc.contributor.authorELIVE, IYA SOPHIA-
dc.creatorELIVE, IYA SOPHIA-
dc.date.accessioned2021-01-25T16:30:32Z-
dc.date.available2021-01-25T16:30:32Z-
dc.date.issued2021-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000172669-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000172669en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/256176-
dc.description.abstractIn the last few decades, women in Cameroon have increased their engagement in entrepreneurial activities to improve their income generating abilities and provide better opportunity for self-reliance. This increase in entrepreneurial activities has largely been attributed to the low rate of participation of women in the formal sector and high rate of poverty among women. Yam marketing, as an entrepreneurial activity has been both a source of employment and income for many women especially those living in the Buea Municipality. Despite the participation of women in the yam marketing chain in the last decades in Cameroon, little is said about how their participation is contributing to the growth of the yam marketing chain and in turn economic growth and development. This study dissects women’s’ role in the yam marketing chain in Buea as it investigates how women’s self-reliance in the Buea Municipality is enhanced through the yam marketing network. Data was collected using questionnaires with purposive sampling of fifty female yam entrepreneurs from the Buea Central market, Mile 17 Motor Park market, and the Great Soppo market in the Buea municipality, Southwest Region, Cameroon. Findings show that women yam entrepreneurs participate in the marketing of yams as wholesalers (42.4%) and as retailers (57.6%). In Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon, women are more engaged in yam marketing on a retail level because they lack the capital to participate in the yam marketing chain on a large scale and also, they have limited access to loan from financial institutions. Many women have, therefore, had to take loans from private lending sources and individuals which affects their capacity to expand the business due limited amounts, high interest and payment criteria. Women engaged in yam marketing also face several challenges such as poor roads to transport the product: from the farms, to the markets, high cost of transportation, and council tax. Despite the lack of adequate capital by many women, those who participate in yam marketing are able to purchase between fifty to two hundred tubers of yam at least two times every week. These purchases are done mostly from yam farmers who sell on either a wholesale or a retail scale. The yam marketing chain works as thus: yam farmers supply the product to local wholesalers, retailers, and consumers alike while the local wholesalers and retailers who purchase the product from yam farmers supply directly to consumers. The main benefit of yam marketing by women is their ability to generate income, become financially independent and self-reliant which increases their capacity to support their families. The research findings indicate that women’s participation in the yam marketing chain in Buea, Southwest Region especially women living in rural areas, reduces poverty levels among women and increases women’s ability to be self-reliant, economically independent, and to support their families financially. The research findings also show that women’s participation in this type of entrepreneurial activity contributes to Cameroons economic growth. The research recommends that women engaged in yam marketing should form groups of two to five persons and transport their products “en gros” using the same transport system to save transportation cost. The research also recommends that women engaged in yam marketing should form a communal thrift scheme (Njangi) and elect members of the scheme to lead. The thrift scheme will enable those with little or no access to finances to take loans without collateral and carry out their business. It is believed that access to this source of finance will facilitate better participation of women in the yam marketing chain ;현대 사회의 여성들은 기업가적 활동으로 얻는 수입을 통해 자립하기 위하여 기업가적 활동에 크게 참여해오고 있다. 얌 마케팅은 지방과 도시의 빈곤 인구, 그 중 특히 심화된 빈곤의 주요 피해자인 여성들에게 고용 창출과 소득창출원으로써 중요한 역할을 하는 활동 중 하나이다. 그러나 카메룬의 얌 마케팅 사슬을 통하여 여성들이 경제 전반과 특히 가구에 상당한 기여를 했음에도 불구하고 그들이 참여한 다양한 기능, 즉 그들의 얌 마케팅 사슬에서의 프로필과 역할에 대해서는 거의 언급되지 않는다. 본 연구는 카메룬 부에아의 얌 마케팅 사슬에서의 여성의 역할을 분석하고, 부에아 지역 여성의 자립도가 얌 마케팅 네트워크를 통하여 어떻게 향상되었는지를 알아본다. 데이터는 부에아 중앙 시장과 Mile 17 Motor Park 시장의 50명의 여성 얌 기업가들에 대한 유의표본추출 설문을 통하여 수집되었다. 조사 결과에 따르면 여성 얌 기업가들은 얌 마케팅에 도매업자(42.4%)와 소매업자(57.6%)로 참여하는 것으로 나타났다. 소매업자 활동의 축적은 얌 마케팅 사슬에서 큰 규모의 기업가적 활동이나 비즈니스 활동을 수행하기 위한 자본이 불충분하기 때문에 나타난다. 비록 대부분의 여성 얌 기업가들이 자본이 충분하지 않지만, 그들은(도매업자와 소매업자 모두) 여전히 50개에서 200개의 얌을 일주일에 두 번씩 농부로부터 구매하며, 도매업자로부터 구매하는 소매업자는 거의 없다. 농부들(도매업자)이 지역 도매업자, 소매업자, 그리고 소비자에게 공급하고, 소매업자가 소비자에게 주로 공급함으로써 얌 마케팅 채널을 구성하거나 완성한다. 소득을 통한 여성 기업가의 가구 부양은 일정 수준의 경제적 독립성 달성을 통한 자립을 증진한다는 점에서 얌 기업가 활동의 주요한 이점으로 여겨진다. 그럼에도 불구하고 그들은 적절한 자본의 부족과 공식적인 자금 공급원의 부족과 같이 얌 비즈니스의 성장을 저해하는 몇 가지 난제에 부딪히게 된다. 이로 인하여, 그들은 대규모 비즈니스에 대한 참여를 보장하지 않는 비공식적인 자금 공급원에게 크게 의존하게 된다. 또한 열악한 도로, 높은 교통 비용, 높은 지방세 역시 부에아 지역의 여성 얌 마케팅과 관련된 문제점이다. 얌 마케팅 네트워크를 통한 여성의 자립 능력은 가정 활동의 관리를 촉진하여빈곤의 감소와 카메룬의 농업 의존적인 경제의 발전에 기여한다. 얌 마케팅 제도에 대한 여성의 참여와 더불어 얌 기업가들은 그들의 제품 운송이 파손 없이 “en gros”로 촉진될 수 있는 그룹을 형성해야 한다. 더 나아가 여성이 담보 없이 대출을 받을 수 있는 특별한 “Njangi” 그룹(저축 제도)이 만들어져야 그들은 성장을 더욱 촉진하는 재투자를 위한 저축을 할 수 있을 것이다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsI. Introduction 3 II. Literature Review 8 A. Women, Gender and Agricultural Production Force 8 B. Gender Roles in Yam Production 10 1. Yams Benefits and Yam Marketing Chain 11 2. The Profile of Women in the Yam Marketing Chain 13 3. Reasons for Women's Involvement in the Marketing of Yams 14 4. Women as Actors in the Yam Marketing Chain and Benefits of Yam Marketing to Women and their Households. 17 5. Challenges Encountered by Women Entrepreneurs in the Marketing of Yams. 18 III. Women Entrepreneurship in Cameroon 22 A. Cameroon Overview 22 B. Women Entrepreneurship: Food Production in Cameroon. 26 C. Constraints Faced by Female Entrepreneurs and Food Production in Cameroon 27 IV. Data Analysis and Findings 29 A. Data and Method 29 B. Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Women Entrepreneurs 30 1. Age of Women Entrepreneurs 30 2. Marital Status of Women Entrepreneurs 31 3. Husband's Occupation 32 4. Number of Children of Women Entrepreneurs 33 5. Household Size of Women Entrepreneurs 34 6. Level of Education of Women Entrepreneurs 35 C. Women Entrepreneurs and Finance 35 1. Women Entrepreneurs' Initial Capital for Yams Business 36 2. Women Entrepreneurs Running Capital for Yams 36 3. Women Entrepreneurs' Source of Initial Capital 37 4. Women Entrepreneurs' Duration in Business 38 5. Other Income Generating Activities of Women Entrepreneurs 39 6. How Women Entrepreneurs Cope in Involving in these Activities 40 7. Source of Support for Yam Marketing 40 8. Reasons for Women's Involvement in the Marketing of Yams 41 D. The Role of Women in the Yam Marketing Chain. 42 1. Buying and Selling Functions 42 2. Transportation Function 44 3. Storage Function 46 E. Benefits of Business Activity to the Female Entrepreneurs and their Households. 47 1. Profitability of Business 47 2. Use of Business Proceeds 47 3. Decision on Use of Business Proceeds 49 F. Challenges of Female Entrepreneurs in the Marketing of Yams 50 V. Discussions 53 A. Profile of Female Yam Entrepreneurs 53 B. Reasons Women Get Involved in the Marketing of Yams 55 C. The Role of Women in the Yam Marketing Chain 56 D. The Benefits of Yam Marketing to Women and their Families 58 E. Challenges of Female Entrepreneurs in the Yam Marketing Chain 58 VI. Conclusion 60 A. Recommendations 61 B. Suggestions for Further Research 62 References 63 Appendixes 70 국문초록 74-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent1056387 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 국제대학원-
dc.subject.ddc300-
dc.titleYam Marketing Chain Among Women Entrepreneurs in the Buea Municipality, Cameroon-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.title.subtitleA Means for Self-reliance-
dc.creator.othername엘리브 이야 소피아-
dc.format.pagex, 73 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major국제대학원 국제학과-
dc.date.awarded2021. 2-
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