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dc.contributor.advisor오세관-
dc.contributor.authorVILLA, THEA FRANCHETTE ANDREI VILLANUEVA-
dc.creatorVILLA, THEA FRANCHETTE ANDREI VILLANUEVA-
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-03T16:31:23Z-
dc.date.available2020-08-03T16:31:23Z-
dc.date.issued2020-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000167786-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000167786en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/254757-
dc.description.abstractFangchinoline은 비스벤질키놀린 알칼로이드로 Stephania tetrandra 뿌리로부터 추출되었다. 이 알칼로이드는 주로 항종양 물질로서 연구되어 왔다. 이 연구의 목적은 Fangchinoline의 항염증 및 항관절염 효과를 규명하고 기존에 보고된 fangchinoline에 관한 연구를 보완하기 위함이다. Fangchinoline의 항염증 효과는 마우스의 대식세포인 RAW 264.7 세포를 이용해 조사되었다. RAW 264.7 세포에 fangchinoline (2.5, 5, 10, 20 μM)으로 전처치를 하고 1시간 후 LPS (1 μg/mL)로 각 실험에 따라 시간을 달리하여 자극시켰다. COX-2, IL-6, iNOS와 같은 염증성 사이토카인은 western blot을 통하여 분석되었다. Mitogen 활성 단백질 인산화 효소 (MAPK)의 경로도 western blot을 통하여 확인하였다. 항염증 효과를 확인한 후, fangchinoline의 항관절염 효과는 두 가지 동물 모델과 Fibroblast-like synovial (FLS) 세포를 통해 조사되었다. 첫 번째 동물 모델은 carrageenan/kaolin (C/K) 랫드 모델이다. 관절염을 유발한 그다음 날부터, fangchinoline (10, 30 mg/kg)을 6일 동안 매일 경구투여했고 1시간 뒤에 행동실험을 측정하였다. 행동 지표로는 weight distribution ratio (WDR), 무릎 두께 측정 및 squeaking score를 측정하였다. 두 번째 동물 모델은 collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) 마우스 모델이다. 마우스에 콜라겐을 주사하고 14일 뒤에 추가접종을 실시하여 관절염을 유발시켰다. 15일 차부터 43일 차까지 이틀에 한번 fangchinoline (10, 30 mg/kg)을 경구투여 했고, 한 시간 뒤에 행동실험을 실시했다. 행동 지표로는 body weight, arthritis index, paw volume, squeaking score등이 사용되었다. 실험동물을 희생시킨 후, 헤마톡실린과 에오신 염색을 사용하여 랫드와 마우스의 무릎 관절에 대한 조직학적 분석을 실시했다. CIA 마우스 모델의 경우, 사프라닌-O 염색을 이용해 연골의 침식 정도 또한 분석하였다. FLS 세포는 fangchinoline (1, 2.5, 5, 10 μM)으로 1시간 동안 처치되었으며, IL-1β (10 ng/ml)로 수행한 실험에 따라 시간을 달리하여 자극시켰다. Western blot을 이용하여 염증 매개체를 분석하였으며, MAPK와 NF-κB pathway 또한 western blot을 통하여 확인하였다. Fangchinoline은 RAW 264.7 세포와 FLS 세포에서 모두 염증성 사이토카인과 ROS의 생성을 감소시켰으며, RAW 264.7 세포에서는 NO의 생성 또한 억제시켰다. 두 개의 세포 주에서 MAPK의 인산화를 감소시켰고, FLS 세포에서는 NF-κB pathway의 인산화 또한 억제시켰음을 확인했다. C/K 랫드 모델과 CIA 마우스 모델의 행동지표들은 fangchinoline으로 치료된 그룹들에서 모두 감소했음을 확인했다. 두 모델 모두 무릎 관절에 대한 조직학적 분석에서도 염증의 정도가 줄어든 것으로 나타났다. CIA 마우스의 무릎 연골 침식도 fangchinoline에 의해 억제되었다. 이러한 결과들은 fangchinoline이 류마티스 관절염의 치료제로 응용될 가능성이 있다는 것을 제시한다.;Fangchinoline can be extracted from the roots of Stephania tetrandra. This bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid has been widely researched as an anti-tumor agent. The goal of this study is to examine the effects of fangchinoline on inflammation and arthritis, as well as be supplemental to reported studies on fangchinoline. The effects of fangchinoline on inflammation were investigated using mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The RAW 264.7 cells were treated with fangchinoline (2.5, 5, 10, 20 μM) for 1 hour and stimulated after with LPS (1 μg/mL) according to the assay to be performed. Western blot was used to analyze different inflammatory factors, such as COX-2, IL-6, and iNOS, and the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. After the anti-inflammatory effect of fangchinoline was confirmed, the anti-arthritic effect of fangchinoline was investigated using human fibroblast-like synovial (FLS) cells and two animal models. Human FLS cells were treated for 1 hour with fangchinoline (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 μM) and followed by IL-1β (10 ng/mL) stimulation according to the assay performed. Inflammatory mediators and the MAPK and NF-κB pathways were evaluated using western blot. The animal models used were the carrageenan/kaolin (C/K) rat model and the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model. For both of the models used, fangchinoline (10 and 30 mg/kg) was given after arthritis induction and behavioral tests followed after. After sacrificing the animals on the last day of the experiments, histological analysis of the knee joints of the rats and mice were conducted with the use of hematoxylin and eosin staining. The amount of cartilage degradation was also analyzed in CIA mice using safranin-O staining. Fangchinoline decreased the production of inflammatory factors and ROS both in RAW 264.7 cells and human FLS cells and also decreased the production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells. The phosphorylation of the MAPK pathway in the two cell lines and NF-κB pathway in human FLS cells were also inhibited by fangchinoline. The behavioral parameters in the C/K rat model and CIA mouse model were found to be ameliorated in groups treated with fangchinoline. Histological analysis of knee joints from both models appeared to have decreased inflammatory signs in fangchinoline-treated groups. Cartilage degradation in CIA mice knee joints were shown to have been suppressed by fangchinoline. These findings suggest that fangchinoline has the potential to be an anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic therapeutic for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsI. INTRODUCTION 1 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 9 1. Reagents 9 2. Cell lines 9 3. Animals 10 4. In vitro experiments 10 a. Fangchinoline preparation 10 b. Cell culture and schedule 11 c. Cell viability 13 d. Nitric oxide production measurement 13 e. Reactive oxygen species measurement 14 f. Western blot 14 5. In vivo experiments 16 a. Experimental schedule and arthritis induction 16 1. Fangchinoline preparation 16 2. Carrageenan/Kaolin-induced arthritis (C/K) in rats 16 3. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice 16 b. Behavioral assessment 19 1. Carrageenan/Kaolin-induced arthritis in rats 19 2. Collagen-induced arthritis in mice 20 c. Histological analysis 21 1. Preparation of histological samples 21 2. Histological staining 21 6. Statistical analysis 22 III. RESULTS 23 1. Fangchinoline exhibited no cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 cell viability 23 2. Fangchinoline suppressed the formation of ROS and NO in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 23 3. Fangchinoline inhibited the protein expression of inflammatory markers in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 26 4. Fangchinoline inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells 26 5. Fangchinoline exhibited no cytotoxic effect on human FLS cell viability 29 6. Fangchinoline inhibited ROS production in IL-1β-stimulated human FLS cells 29 7. Fangchinoline inhibited the protein expression of inflammatory markers in human FLS cells stimulated with IL-1β 29 8. Fangchinoline inhibited the protein expression of MAPKs in human FLS cells stimulated with IL-1β 34 9. Fangchinoline inhibited the NF-κB protein expression in human FLS cells stimulated with IL-1β 34 10. Fangchinoline alleviated the severity of arthritic symptoms in C/K-induced arthritis rats 37 11. Fangchinoline reduced the pathological signs of inflammation in the histopathological evaluation of knee joints in rats with C/K-induced arthritis rats 40 12. Fangchinoline alleviated the severity of arthritis symptoms in CIA mice 42 13. Fangchinoline reduced the pathological signs of inflammation in the histopathology of CIA mice knee joints 45 14. Fangchinoline reduced the degradation of cartilage CIA mice knee joints 45 IV. DISCUSSION 48 REFERENCES 54 ABSTRACT (Korean) 59 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 62-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent3561571 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc600-
dc.titleAnti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of fangchinoline-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.format.pageix, 63 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major대학원 의과학과-
dc.date.awarded2020. 8-
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