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dc.contributor.advisorEun Mie Lim-
dc.contributor.authorPoudel, Sirjana-
dc.creatorPoudel, Sirjana-
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-03T16:32:35Z-
dc.date.available2020-02-03T16:32:35Z-
dc.date.issued2020-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000163902-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000163902en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/253103-
dc.description.abstractMale domination societies when a large proportion of male population has been absent overseas for employment, this has led to be empowerment of women in private decision making in the family and also public decision making in social organizations. Most of the previous literature suggests that the male absenteeism and access of remittance empowers left-behind women due to the shift of the traditionally male-dominated role and access of resources from the husband to the hand of the left-behind women, This thesis examines in what extend male labour migration empower left-behind women in terms of family decision and social participation and decision making in Nepal. The findings show that male absenteeism is only contributed in a very limited way to the empowerment women. Aligned with previous literature, the roles of the women have increased in daily household activities such as decision on children education, selection of health facilities, purchase of household stuff, has increased substantially. However, they have not empowered to take the major household decision, specifically on purchase of land and build house, which demands huge financial investment. Such important decisions are still in domain of their husband from the distance (abroad) or by in-laws through the proxy. In terms of social participation, women are more forbidden instead empowered because of the lack of time to participate in social activities due to the increase in the household workload. In summary, this study shows that male absenteeism has only increased the burden of household workload to the left-behind women rather empowering them for participation in major decision and events. This research also finds that the empowerment of women in household, as well as social activities, depends on the individual capabilities of women, such as educational qualifications rather than the husband’s migration status, which directs policymakers to formulate policies and programs to enhance the capability of women in society.;남성 지배적 사회에서 많은 남성들이 해외로 취업하게 되면 이에 따라 가족을 위해서는 개인 차원의 결정, 그리고 사회를 위해 공적인 차원의 의사결정을 통해 권력을 갖게 된다. 대부분의 선행 연구들은 전통적인 남성 중심적 역할이 변화되고 자원에 대한 접근성이 여성에게 넘어가기 때문에 남성들의 부재와 남성들이 벌어온 돈이 여성에게 권한을 부여하게 된다고 주장한다. 이러한 연구 결과는 남성이주노동으로 인해 본국에 남겨진 여성에게 가족 결정권과 사회 참여와 같은 권한이 주어지며 여성들의 세력이 확장된 네팔의 사례 분석을 통해 도출해낸 결과이다. 이러한 연구 결과는 남성의 부재가 지극히 제한적인 범위 내에서 여성에게 권한을 부여했다는 것을 발견하기도 했다. 선행 연구와 해당 연구의 공통점은 아이들의 교육이나 건강 편의시설, 혹은 가정용품 구매 등을 결정하는 일상적인 부분에서 이전보다 더 많은 권한이 부여되었다는 점이다. 그러나 땅을 매매하거나 집을 짓는 것과 같은 중대한 경제적 결정권에 대한 권한은 여성에게 부여되지 않았다. 이러한 중대한 결정권은 멀리 떨어져 있는 남편에게 맡기거나 남편의 가족에게 위임되어 있었다. 사회 참여의 관점에서 볼 때, 늘어난 가사 노동으로 인해 시간이 부족해진 여성들의 세력은 확장되기 보다는 오히려 줄어드는 것으로 보인다. 다시 말해서 해당 연구는 남성의 부재는 남겨진 여성들에게 가사 노동에 대한 부담감만 더할 뿐 중요한 결정을 내릴 수 있는 권한을 부여하지는 않는다는 점을 밝혀낼 수 있었다. 또한 여성의 사회적 참여와 가정에서의 권한은 남성의 이주와 같은 부재 상황이 아니라 교육과 같은 여성의 개인적인 능력에 달려있다는 것을 드러낸다. 따라서 이와 같은 결과는 정책 입안자들이 여성들의 사회 참여를 증진시키기 위해 필요한 프로그램을 만드는 데에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsI. Introduction 1 II. Literature Review 6 A. International Labour Migration and Remittance: 6 B. Theories of Migration: Optimist versus Pessimist View 7 C. Male Migration and Women Empowerment 8 D. Impact of Labour Migration and Remittance to the Family 9 1. Impact on Family Income and Reduce Poverty 9 2. Impact on Children Education 10 3. Impact on Health: 11 4. Impact on Gender Role Change 11 5. Impact on Workload Changes 13 E. Male Migration and Impact on Household Decision-Making of Left-behind Wives 14 F. Male Migration and Impact on Social Participation and Decision Making of Left-behind Wives 15 G. Conceptual Framework 16 III. Country Profile 19 A. Nepal: A Brief Introduction 19 B. Gender Country Profile and Government Initiation for Gender Equality 20 C. Labour Migration from Nepal 23 D. Introduction of Study District 24 IV:Analysis and Findings 27 A. Data collection Method 27 B. Respondents Profile and Features: 29 C. Analysis of Wives Empowerment in Household Decision Making 32 1. Role of Women in General Household Decisions 33 2. Major Financial Decision 38 D. Participation in Social Organizations and Decision Making Process 42 1. Affiliation to social organization 42 2. Frequency of Participation 43 3. Need for permission on social participation 44 4. Duration of participation on meeting 46 5. Participation on Decision 48 6. Relation Between Education and Social Decision Making 49 7. Participation and influence on decision making in social organizations for last five years 50 8. Social Decision Making by Direct remittance receiver and non-receiver 51 E. Findings and Discussion: 52 1. Role of women General Decision making 52 2. Role of women Major Household Decision making 53 3. Empowerment of women in Social Sphere 54 4. Comparison of self-remittance receivers and non-receivers 55 V: Conclusion and Recommendation 56 Bibliography 59 Appendix 1 74 Appendix 2 84 Abstract in Korean 86 Figure 1: Family type of respondent women 30 Figure 2: Head of the Household 31 Figure 3: Remittance recipient and household decision 41 Figure 4: Affiliation on social organization 42 Figure 5: Frequency of Participation on social organizations 43 Figure 6: Need permission or not to participate on social Organizations 45 Figure 7: Remittance recipient need permission or not to participate in social organizations 45 Figure 8: Participate until the finished the program 46 Figure 9: Wives participation in social decision making (Migrant) 48 Figure10: Wives participation in social decision making (Non-migrant) 48 Figure 11: Barrier for active participation in social decision making 49 Figure 12: Participation in social decision making according to Educational status 50 Figure 13: Remittance receiver wives' social participation and influence on decision making process for last five years 51 Figure 14: Remittance receiver women's social participation and influence on decision making process for last five years 52 Table 1: Sample size of respondents 28 Table 2: Age of respondents 29 Table 3: Respondents caste of respondents 29 Table 4: Educational Status of Respondents 31 Table 5: Number of children of respondents 32 Table 6: Decision on children education 33 Table 7: Decision Level of influence on children education 34 Table 8: Decision on Selection of Health Facilities 35 Table 9: Power of Influence on family health matter 35 Table 10: Decision on spend money on household accessories 37 Table 11: Decision on buy or sell of livestock 38 Table 12: Decision on purchase and use of land/house 38 Table 13: Level of influence on purchase, sell and use of land or house 39 Table 14: Remittance Receiver and decision on land/ house 40 Table 15: Perception to the change on the decision making abilities 41 Table 16: Family type and number participants who stay or not until finished the program 47-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent1341213 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 국제대학원-
dc.subject.ddc900-
dc.titleLabor Migration and Empowerment of Left-behind Wives-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.title.subtitleA Case Study of Kaski, Nepal-
dc.format.pageviii, 87 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major국제대학원 한국학과-
dc.date.awarded2020. 2-
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국제대학원 > 국제학과 > Theses_Master
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