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dc.contributor.advisor이윤실-
dc.contributor.author전슬기-
dc.creator전슬기-
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-03T16:31:58Z-
dc.date.available2020-02-03T16:31:58Z-
dc.date.issued2020-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000164037-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000164037en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/252934-
dc.description.abstractPart 1. Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is the main side effect after thoracic irradiation for lung cancer, however, the protective strategies and the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. The expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) was increased during RIPF with impaired lung function following focal high dose irradiation in limited lung volumes. Exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis by ionizing radiation (IR) was also found in HSP25 transgenic (TG) mice. Knockdown of HSP27 to lung epithelial cells inhibited IR-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). J2, a synthetic small molecule inhibitor of HSP27, significantly alleviated pulmonary fibrosis by IR in control and TG mice, and the therapeutic effects were better than pirfenidone and amifostine. HSP27 directly interacts with IkBα through protein binding and activates NFkB pathway. Subsequently, expressions of Twist, IL-1β and IL-6 increased through Nucleus translocation of NFkB. Collectively, HSP27 induces IkBα-NFkB signaling activation and increases Twist, IL-1β and IL-6 expression, is involved in EMT program that tightly connected to development of RIPF. Our findings also suggest that inhibition of HSP27 has the potential to become a valuable therapeutic strategy for RIPF. Part 2. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease that has been known to induce fibrosis in the lungs without certain causes, and is usually known to die within three years after diagnosis. However, no drug has been recognized as an effective agent for increasing the survival rate of IPF. Also, the pathogenesis of IPF has not yet been clearly identified. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by ECM abnormalities, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the differentiation of myofibroblast derived from various cell types. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has been reported to be strongly upregulated during radiation (IR) and bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis and in IPF patients. Therefore, in this study, I investigated the role of HSP27 during lung fibrogenesis, especially focus on EMT processing through in vitro and in vivo system. IR and BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis was exacerbated in HSP25 transgenic (TG) mice. J2, a synthetic small molecule inhibitor of HSP27, significantly attenuated fibrosis developments in these models. To elucidate the mechanisms of HSP27-mediated fibrosis, knockdown of HSP27 by shRNA or J2 was treated to lung normal epithelial cells and found that functional HSP27 inhibition blocked TGF-β1-mediated EMT. Also, cDNA microarray and further immunohisto-chemical analysis revealed that upregulation of LRRC15 was observed in IR and BLM-induced fibrotic lungs, which were strongly induced in HSP25 TG mice. Moreover, these phenomena were significantly restored in J2-treated mice, suggesting that even though more detailed experiments are under the progression, LRRC15 might be a candidate target for HSP27-mediated pulmonary fibrosis development.;방사선 유발 폐섬유화 (RIPF)는 폐암에 대한 흉부 방사선 조사 후 주요 부작용이지만, 보호 전략 및 기본 메커니즘은 아직 정확히 규명되지 않았다. 열 충격 단백질 27 (HSP27)의 발현은 제한된 폐 부피에서 국소 고용량 방사선 (IR) 조사 후 RIPF 동안 증가되었다. HSP25 과 발현 (TG) 마우스에서 방사선에 의한 폐섬유화의 악화가 확인되었다. 또한, HSP27의 발현이 억제된 폐 상피 세포에서 방사선 매개 상피-중간 엽 전이 (EMT)를 억제가 확인되었다. HSP27의 합성 저분자 억제제 인 J2는 대조군 및 TG 마우스에서 방사선에 의한 폐섬유화를 유의하게 완화 시켰으며, 치료 효과는 기존에 사용되는 치료제보다 우수하였다. 본 연구에서는 HSP27이 단백질 결합을 통해 IkBα와 직접 상호 작용하고 NFkB 경로를 활성화함을 증명하였다. 이후, 활성화된 NFkB의 핵으로의 이동으로 인해 Twist, IL-1β 및 IL-6의 발현이 증가 하였다. 종합적으로, HSP27은 IkBα-NFkB 신호 활성화를 유도하고 Twist, IL-1β 및 IL-6 발현을 증가 시키며, RIPF의 발달에 밀접한 관련이 있는 EMT 과정에 관여한다. 우리의 연구 결과는 또한 HSP27의 억제가 RIPF에 대한 귀중한 치료 전략이 될 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. PARTⅡ에서는 방사선에 의해 유도되는 폐섬유화의 좀더 큰 범위인 특발성 폐섬유화 (IPF)에 대해 연구하였다. 특발성 폐섬유화는 원인불명으로 폐에 섬유화를 발생하는 것으로 알려진 치명적인 질병이며, 진단 후 3 년 이내에 사망하는 것으로 알려져 있습니다. 그러나, IPF의 생존율을 증가시키기 위한 효과적인 약물은 현재까지 개발되지 않았으며, IPF의 병인 또한 아직 명확하게 밝혀지지 않았다. 폐섬유화는 ECM 이상, 상피에서 중간 엽 전이 (EMT) 및 다양한 세포 유형으로부터 유래 된 근섬유 아세포의 분화를 특징으로 한다. HSP27은 IR 및 블레오마이신 (BLM)으로 유발된 폐섬유화 및 IPF 환자에서 강력하게 상향 조절되는 것으로 보고되었다. 따라서, 이 연구에서 폐 섬유 형성 동안 HSP27의 역할, 특히 체 외 및 생체 내 시스템을 통해 EMT 처리에 초점을 조사했다. IR 및 BLM- 유발 폐섬유화는 HSP25 과 발현 (TG) 마우스에서 악화되었다. HSP27의 합성 저분자 억제제 인 J2는 이들 모델에서 섬유화 발생을 상당히 약화시켰다. HSP27-매개 섬유화의 메카니즘을 설명하기 위해, shRNA 또는 J2에 의한 HSP27의 발현을 억제한 폐 정상 상피 세포에서 실험한 결과를 바탕으로, 기능적 HSP27 억제가 TGF-β1- 매개 EMT를 차단한다는 것을 발견 하였다. 또한, cDNA 마이크로 어레이 및 추가 면역 조직 화학적 분석은 LRRC15의 발현증가가 IR 및 BLM- 유도 섬유 성 폐에서 나타난다는 것을 밝혀냈으며 이러한 현상은 HSP25 TG 마우스에서 강력하게 나타났다. 더욱이, LRRC15의 발현 증가는 J2 처리 된 마우스에서 유의하게 회복되었는데, 이는 보다 더 많은 실험이 필요하지만, LRRC15가 HSP27-매개 폐섬유화 발달의 후보 표적 일 수 있음을 제시한다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsII. Introduction 1 1. Radiation Therapy 1 1.1 Radiation-induced damage 1 1.2 Radiation-induced lung disease 1 2. Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis 4 2.1 Characteristic of RIPF 4 2.2 Mechanisms of RIF 4 2.3 Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) 7 2.3.1 Classification and type of EMT 9 2.3.2 EMT in fibrosis development 11 2.4 Anti-fibrotic drug approved FDA 11 2.4.1 Pirfenidone 12 2.4.2 Nintedanib 12 3. Heat Shock Protein 27 13 3.1 What is HSP27? 13 3.2 HSP27 and Fibrosis 13 3.3 HSP27 inhibitor 14 3.3.1 Small Molecules 14 3.3.1.1 RP101 (Brivudine) 14 3.3.1.2 Quercetin 14 3.3.1.3 Altered Dimerization of HSP27 using small molecule 14 3.3.2 Peptide Aptamers 15 3.3.3 Antisense drug 15 4. Previous Study 17 III. Material & Methods. 18 1. Animal experiments 18 2. Generation of HSP25 TG mice 18 3. Microarray experiment. 19 4. Cell culture and transfection 19 5. RNA isolation, qRT-PCR and RT-PCR 20 6. Immunoblotting 22 7. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis 22 8. Antibodies and reagents 22 9. Irradiation 23 10. Immunofluorescence assay and subcellular fraction 23 11. Immunoprecipitation 23 12. Statistical analysis 23 IV. Results 25 1. Protein expression of HSP27 is increased during IR-induced pulmonary fibrosis 25 2. HSP27 cross-linker J2 inhibited IR-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice 28 3. Cellular role of HSP27 involved in IR-mediated EMT in lung cell lines 32 4. HSP27 is involved in gene expression of twist, il-1β and il-6 increased during RIPF 37 5. NFkB activation by HSP27 is involved in the expression of IR-induced fibrosis-related genes 40 V. Conclusion 44 PART Ⅱ 46 I. Abstract 47 II. Introduction 48 1. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) 48 1.1 Characteristic of IPF 48 1.2 Risk factors of IPF 49 1.2.1 Genetic risk factor 49 1.2.2 Intrinsic risk factor 51 1.2.2.1 Gastroesophageal reflux 51 1.2.2.2 Lung microbiota 51 1.2.3 Extrinsic risk factor 51 1.2.3.1 Tabacco smoke 51 1.2.3.2 Occupational exposure 52 1.2.3.3 Air pollution 52 2. Animal models of pulmonary fibrosis 54 2.1 Type of pulmonary fibrosis murine model 54 2.2 Bleomycin-induced fibrosis murine model 56 2.2.1 Mechanism of action and kinetics of injury by bleomycin 56 3. LRRC15 58 4. Purpose of this study 60 III. Material & Methods 61 1. Animal experiments 61 2. Microarray experiment. 63 3. Cell culture and transfection 63 4. RNA isolation, qRT-PCR and RT-PCR 63 5. Immunoblotting 66 6. Antibodies and reagents 66 7. Preparation of lung tissue for histology and immunohistochemistry 66 8. Statistical analysis 67 IV. Results 68 1. Overexpression of HSP27 aggravates BLM- induced pulmonary fibrosis. 68 2. Knockdown of HSP27 inhibited TGFβ-mediated EMT in lung cell lines 74 3. HSP27 cross-linker J2 inhibited BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice 77 4. LRRC15 is involved in HSP27-mediated pulmonary fibrosis 80 5. Knockdown of HSP27 inhibited the expression of LRRC15 in lung cell lines 84 V. Discussion 87-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent4699572 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc600-
dc.titleInhibition of HSP27 alleviates Pulmonary Fibrosis-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.format.pageⅹ, 104 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 약학과-
dc.date.awarded2020. 2-
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