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가뭄 기간을 고려한 강 복원 사업 및 보 개방 전후 수질 통계 비교

Title
가뭄 기간을 고려한 강 복원 사업 및 보 개방 전후 수질 통계 비교
Other Titles
Statistical Comparison of Water Quality Changes during the Drought and Non-Drought Periods Caused by the River Restoration Project and the Weir Gate Open
Authors
임정민
Issue Date
2019
Department/Major
대학원 환경공학과
Publisher
이화여자대학교 대학원
Degree
Master
Advisors
박석순
Abstract
본 연구에서는 가뭄 기간을 고려한 강 복원 사업과 보 개방이 수질에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 관측 수질 자료를 통계분석 하였다. 수질 자료는 금강 하류에 위치한 13개의 국가 수질 측정망에서 2005년부터 2018년까지 측정된 전기전도도 (EC, Electrical Conductivity), 생물화학적 산소요구량 (BOD, Biochemical Oxygen Demand), 총인 (TP, Total Phosphorus), 부유성 고형물질 (SS, Suspended Solids), 엽록소 (Chl-a, Chlorophyll a), 화학적 산소요구량 (COD, Chemical Oxygen Demand)를 사용하였다. Shapiro Wilk 정규성 검정을 통해 자료의 분포를 확인한 결과 대부분의 표본이 비정규분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 비모수 통계 분석법인 윌콕슨 순위합 검정을 이용하여 강 복원 사업 전후 각각 5년의 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과 EC 값의 비교를 통해 가뭄이 강의 수질에 미치는 영향을 확인했고, BOD와 TP는 사업 이후 개선된 것으로 나타난 반면, SS, Chl-a, COD는 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 시간, 하천 길이, 수질 오염인자 농도를 각각 x, y, z축으로 하는 3D 그래프를 작성하여 2005년 이후 강 복원 사업과 가뭄, 보 개방이 진행됨에 따라 수질 오염인자의 변화 추이를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 대부분의 항목에서 강 복원 사업 이후 수질 개선 효과를 관찰할 수 있었고, 2015년부터 가뭄이 진행됨에 따라 수질이 다소 악화되었다가 가뭄이 해소된 2018년에 보 개방이 시행됨에 따라 수질이 악화된 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 3D 그래프를 바탕으로 사업 이후의 기간을 비가뭄기(2012년~2014년)와 가뭄기(2015년~2017년)로 분류하여 사업 전 3년(2007년~2009년)과 윌콕슨 순위합 검정을 실시하였다. 비가뭄기와 비교한 결과는 가뭄을 제외한 보만의 영향을 나타내어 대부분이 개선된 것으로 나타났다. 가뭄기와 비교한 결과는 가뭄의 영향으로 인해 수질이 악화되었어야 함에도 불구하고, 변화가 없는 것으로 나타나 보에 의한 수질 개선 효과를 입증했다. 보 개방이 수질에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 개방 이후인 2018년도를 각각 개방 전인 2013년부터 2016년까지의 자료와 1대1로 연결지어 부호검정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 3D 그래프를 통해서도 알 수 있었듯이 가뭄의 영향이 없는 기간에도 보를 개방함에 따라 수질이 전반적으로 악화된 것을 확인할 수 있었다.;This study presents the statistical analysis of water quality data to assess the impact of the river restoration project and the weir gate open during the drought and non-drought periods. The water quality parameters are Electrical Conductivity(EC), Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD), Total Phosphorus(TP),  Suspended Solid(SS), Chlorophyll-a(Chl-a), and Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD). The data were provided by National Water Information System which were measured in 13 water quality monitoring sites located in the downstream area of Geum river. Through Shapiro-Wilk’s normality test, the data were shown as non-normal distribution, thereby implying the importance of applying non-parametric methods. As one of the non-parametric methods to compare two independent groups, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test has been applied for each 5 ys before and after the project. As a result, EC has increased, reflecting the effect of droughts. BOD and TP has significantly improved, while SS, Chl-a, and COD has not changed. 3D plots using time(yrs), river distance(km) and concentration of water quality parameters as x, y and z axis were drawn to analyze water quality change since 2005 due to the river restoration project, drought and the weir gate open. In most of the parameters, the water quality was shown to be improved after the project, but during the drought period(2015~2017), it got degraded. In 2018, however, which was non-drought period, the water quality has degraded due to the weir gate open. According to the 3D plots, the time period after the river restoration project has divided into non-drought period(2012~2014) and drought period(2015~2017) to be compared with the 3-years time period before the river restoration project(2007~2009). The result compared with non-drought period clearly showed the impact of weirs only; mostly improved. The result compared with the drought period should turned out to be degraded due to low water quantity. However, it was shown as not changed, implying the water quality improvement effect of the weirs. Lastly, to confirm the impact of the weir gate open which was shown in the 3D plots earlier, the water quality data of 2018 has compared with those of 2013~2016 yearly. The result of sign test clearly showed that during the non-drought period, which is similar to the drought status of 2018, the water quality has degraded due to the weir gate open. When the data of drought period were included, some of the results were shown as not changed or improved due to the impact of drought.
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