Natural progression of radiographic indices in juvenile hallux valgus deformity

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to estimate the annual change in radiographic indices for juvenile hallux valgus (JHV) and to analyze the factors that influence deformity progression. Methods: Patients aged <15 years who had JHV and were followed up for at least 1 year were included. Hallux valgus angle (HVA), hallux interphalangeal angle, intermetatarsal angle, metatarsus adductus angle, distal metatarsal articular angle, anteroposterior talo-first metatarsal angle, and lateral talo-first metatarsal angle were evaluated. The progression rate of HVA was adjusted by multiple factors by using a linear mixed model. Results: A total of 133 feet were included. The HVA and distal metatarsal articular angle both increased by 0.8 degrees per year (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). HVA increased by 1.5 degrees per year (p < 0.001) at under the age of 10, and the HVA progression in the older patients was not statistically significant. Conclusions: JHV deformity could progress with aging. Most deformity progression could occur before the age of 10 years. (c) 2018 European Foot and Ankle Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.