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dc.contributor.advisor오세관-
dc.contributor.author강승민-
dc.creator강승민-
dc.date.accessioned2019-02-18T16:32:31Z-
dc.date.available2019-02-18T16:32:31Z-
dc.date.issued2019-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000153593-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000153593en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/249151-
dc.description.abstractThe benzylideneacetophenone derivatives JCII-8, JCII-10, and JCII-11 (JCII compounds) were synthesized by modifying yakuchinone B was obtained from the seeds of Alpinia oxyphylla, a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae), which are widely used as a folk remedy and as an anti-inflammatory agent. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic efficacy of benzylidene-acetophenone derivatives by inhibiting inflammatory mediators and MMPs that play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The anti-inflammatory activities of JCII compounds were investigated in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells and LPS-induced systemic inflammatory mice. JCII compounds (5, 10, and 20 μM) were analyzed for inflammatory expression factors by RT-PCR or western blot in LPS (100 ng/ml)-stimulated BV2 cells. In LPS (5 mg/kg)-induced mice, JCII compounds (30 mg/kg) were investigated for inflammatory modulators in the frontal cortex and kidney using western blot. The anti-arthritic activities of JCII compounds were investigated in rat models of carrageenan/kaolin-induced knee arthritis and IL-1β-stimulated human RA fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) cells. In the rat model of arthritis, JCII compounds were administered intraperitoneally at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day for 6 days. The symptoms of arthritis were measured by behavioral tests such as squeaking test, knee thickness, and WDR, and then histological observations of knee joint sections were measured. The serum levels of arthritic models were also examined as inflammatory mediators such as PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 using ELISA. In FLS cells derived from RA patients were treated with JCII compounds (5, 10, and 20 μM) with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) stimulation. After this, JCII compounds were investigated by analyzing the expression levels of inflammatory mediators using RT-PCR and ELISA. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways and the translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB/p65 into the nucleus were analyzed using ELISA and immunofluorescence. The anti-inflammatory activities of JCII compounds inhibited the expression of NO, iNOS, COX-2, and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In addition, JCII compounds inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS systemic inflammation-induced mice. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory action of JCII compounds regulates the expression of mRNAs and proteins of inflammatory mediators. The anti-arthritic activities of JCII compounds (10 mg/kg) were found to significantly alleviate arthritis symptoms between 5 and 6 days after carrageenan/kaolin injection in the rat model of arthritis. Histologic observations of arthritis knee joints were consistent with their behaviors. JCII compounds also regulated the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2. In IL-1β-stimulated RA FLS cells, JCII compounds reduced the expression and levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, PGE2, and MMP-13. JCII compounds suppressed the transference of NF-κB/p65 into the nucleus through the inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPKs pathways in IL-1β-stimulated RA FLS cells. These results suggest that JCII compounds have anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects in arthritis rat models and IL-1β-stimulated RA FLS cells. Thus, JCII compounds may have therapeutic potential as drugs for the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. ;민간요법 및 항염증제로써 널리 이용되는 생강과 (Zingiberaceae)의 일부인 Alpinia oxyphylla의 종자에서 야쿠치논 B를 얻었다. 이를 변형시켜 벤질리덴아세토페논 유도체 JCII-8, JCII-10 및 JCII-11 (JCII 화합물)을 합성하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 JCII 화합물이 관절염에서 중요한 역할을 하는 염증성 매개체와 단백질 분해효소 (Matrix metalloproteinase, MMP) 저해를 통해 항염증 및 항관절염의 효능을 규명하고자 한다. 항염증 효과를 조사하기 위해, JCII 화합물 (5, 10 및 20 μM)을 면역활성물질인 LPS로 활성화된 소교세포에서 RT-PCR 또는 western blot을 통하여 염증 발현 인자를 분석하였다. In vivo에서는 JCII 화합물 (30 mg/kg)을 투여한 후 LPS로 전신염증을 유발한 mice의 전두엽 및 신장 조직을 western blot을 통하여 염증 조절 인자를 확인하였다. 항관절염 효과를 입증하기 위해서는 carrageenan/kaolin으로 유도된 관절염 rat 모델을 이용하여 JCII 화합물을 6일간 1, 5, 10 mg/kg/day로 복강 내로 투여하였다. 울음소리, 무릎 두께 및 WDR로 rat 모델에서 관절염 증상을 측정하였고, 그 후 무릎 조직의 조직학적 관찰을 확인하였다. 또한, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-6 등의 염증성 매개체의 혈청의 수준을 ELISA를 통해 조사하였다. In vitro에서는 JCII 화합물 (5, 10 및 20 μM)를 IL-1β에 의해 자극된 RA 환자에서 유래한 활막 세포에서 RT-PCR 또는 ELISA를 통하여 염증 발현 인자를 분석하였다. MAPKs 신호전달 경로는 ELISA로, NF-κB/p65의 활성화는 immunoflourescence를 통해 조사하였다. 그 결과, JCII 화합물은 LPS로 자극된 소교세포에서 일산화질소, iNOS, COX-2 및 염증성 사이토카인의 발현을 억제하였다. LPS 전신 염증 유발 mice에서 역시 iNOS, COX-2의 발현을 억제하였다. 따라서, JCII 화합물의 항염증 작용이 염증성 매개체의 mRNA 및 단백질의 발현을 조절하는 것을 확인하였다. 이 결과에 근거하여 진행한 관절염 rat 모델에서는 JCII 화합물 (10 mg/kg)이 carrageenan/kaolin 주사 후 5일에서 6일 사이에 관절염 증상을 유의하게 완화시켰다. 무릎 조직의 조직학적 염색은 JCII 화합물이 무릎 관절의 염증 영역을 유의하게 감소시켰음을 보여주었으며, 또한 JCII 화합물은 TNF-α, IL-6 및 PGE2의 혈청 수준을 조절하였다. JCII 화합물은 IL-1β로 자극된 RA 활막세포에서 TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, PGE2, MMP-13의 발현 저해와 MAPKs 신호 전달 차단을 통해 NF-κB/p65의 활성화를 억제하였음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 JCII 화합물이 관절염 동물 모델과 IL-1β로 자극된 RA 활막세포에서 유의한 항염증 및 항관절염 효과가 있음을 시사한다. 따라서, JCII 화합물은 염증성 관절염 치료를 위한 의약품 또는 건강기능식품에 유용한 후보 물질이 될 수 있으리라 생각된다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsⅠ. INTRODUCTION 1 Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6 1. Reagents 6 2. Cell lines 7 3. Animals 7 4. In vitro experiments 8 4.1. Cell culture and experimental schedules 8 4.2. Cell viability 10 4.3. Measurement of nitric oxide and intracellular ROS levels 10 4.4. ELISA 11 4.5. Total RNA isolation and RT-PCR analysis 12 4.6. Western blotting 14 4.7. Immunofluorescence 15 5. Experiment of animal model 16 5.1. Western blotting in LPS-treated mice and experimental schedule 16 5.2. Development of carrageenan/kaolin-induced arthritis in rat and experimental schedule 18 5.3. Behavioral assessment of arthritis symptoms 20 5.4. Histological assessment of inflammation 21 5.5. Measurement of cytokine levels in serum 21 6. Statistical Analysis 22 Ⅲ. RESULTS 23 1. JCII compounds suppressed the production of NO and pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-treated BV2 cells 23 2. JCII compounds reduced the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-treated BV2 cells 28 3. JCII compounds decreased the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-injected ICR mice 30 4. JCII compounds alleviated the behavioral characteristics in arthritis animal models 33 5. JCII compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in histopathological evaluation in knee joint carrageenan/kaolin-induced arthritis rat 39 6. JCII compounds regulated the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2 in carrageenan/kaolin-induced arthritis rat 42 7. JCII compounds inhibited the production of NO, ROS, and inflammatory mediators in RA FLS cells 44 8. JCII compounds suppressed the mRNA expression of MMPs in RA FLS cells 49 9. JCII compounds inhibited the production of MAPKs phospholylation in RA FLS cells 51 10. JCII compounds regulated the NF-κB signaling pathways in RA FLS cells 53 Ⅳ. DISCUSSION 55 Ⅴ. CONCLUSION 60 REFERENCES 61 ABSTRACT (in Korean) 66 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 68-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent2262777 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc600-
dc.titleAnti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of benzylideneacetophenone derivatives-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.format.pagex, 68 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major대학원 의과학과-
dc.date.awarded2019. 2-
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