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dc.contributor.advisor하헌주-
dc.contributor.author박정희-
dc.creator박정희-
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-05T08:23:16Z-
dc.date.available2018-09-05T08:23:16Z-
dc.date.issued2013-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000080666-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000080666en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/245555-
dc.description.abstractAging is defined as any change in an organism over time. The aged population is increasing markedly worldwide, accompanied by a concomitant increase in age-related diseases. The liver is one of the most susceptible organs to aging, and it has been well established that hepatic mass and blood flow are reduced while lipid accumulation is increased during aging. Moreover, the number of stellate cells increases; these store fat and produce the extracellular matrix, thickened sinusoidal endothelial cells, and oxidative stress. Chronic inflammation has been proposed as one of the main molecular mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases, whereas calorie restriction extends the mammalian lifespan and has anti-aging effect through anti-inflammation. As calorie restriction is considered an effective anti-aging therapy, it is necessary to develop advanced calorie restriction mimetics. Daumone, a pheromone secreted by Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), forces C. elegans to enter the dauer stage when C. elegans faced with starvation, inadequate temperature, or overcrowding. Since C. elegans live longer during the dauer stage under energy deprivation, it was hypothesized that daumone may extend the mammalian lifespan via mimicking calorie restriction. Pharmacokinetic study showed that bioavailability of daumone in rat was 45%, suggesting the plausibility to be developed as an orally active compound. Daumone dissolved in drinking water was administered orally (2 mg/kg/day) for 5 months to 24-month-old male C57BL/6j mice. Age-matched controls and 9-week-old young control mice received an equivalent volume of drinking water. Daumone reduced the hazard ratio of death by 48% in mice. Up-regulated plasma triglyceride, insulin, and lipid peroxides in old mice were significantly reduced by daumone administration. Increased hepatic hypertrophy, hepatic senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, hepatic fibrosis, hepatic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in old mouse were all significantly attenuated by daumone. To gain a mechanistic insight, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a major transcription factor of proinflammatory cytokines, and SIRT1 linked to calorie restriction-related longevity were examined. Phosphorylation of inhibitor of NF-κBα (IκBα) was increased in old mouse livers and in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced HepG2 cells, a human hepatoma cell line. Up-regulated IκBα phosphorylation was reduced by daumone. Hepatic SIRT1 protein level and activity (determined by p53 deacetylation) were decreased in old mice, which were effectively reversed by daumone. Docking study suggested binding of daumone with SIRT1. Daumone effectively reduced TNF-α-induced intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA expression but did not affect TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression under SIRT1 knockout system using siRNA. In summary, daumone extends the lifespan of mice and has an anti-aging effect on the aged liver through modulating chronic inflammation. The detailed mechanism of daumone’s anti-inflammatory effect may allow for effective interventions targeting chronic inflammation, aging, and age-related diseases.;노화는 신체적 정신적 변화가 축적되는 것을 일컫는다. 고령인구는 전세계적으로 급격히 증가하고 있고, 이에 따라 노화 관련 질병도 증가하고 있다. 간은 노화에 민감한 장기 중 하나로서, 노화가 진행되면 간 크기와 혈류량이 감소하고 간에 지방이 축적된다. 또한, 간 stellate 세포 수가 증가하며, 지방을 축적하고, 세포외 기질축적을 증가시키며, sinusoidal endothelial 세포를 두껍게 하고, 산화성 스트레스를 유도한다. 만성염증은 노화와 노화관련 질병을 유발하는 주된 기전의 하나로 제시되고 있으며, 포유류의 수명연장과 항노화 효과에 있어서 가장 뚜렷한 효과가 있음이 보고된 ‘식이제한’ 역시 염증반응 억제를 통해 이루어 진다고 보고되었다. 예쁜꼬마선충은 적정 온도가 아닐 때, 먹이가 충분하지 않을 때 또는 주변에 다른 개체가 많을 때에 다우어 페로몬을 분비하여 다우어 단계에 들어감으로써 적절치 못한 외부 환경에 대응한다. 다우어 단계에 들어가면 예쁜꼬마선충의 수명이 연장 되므로, 다우어 페로몬이 수명연장 물질이라 생각되고 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 전합성된 다우어 페로몬인 다우몬으로 본 실험을 진행하였고, 다우몬이 포유류의 수명연장과 노화에 미치는 영향과 그 기전을 연구하고자 하였다. 식수에 녹인 다우몬 2 mg/kg를 24개월령 생쥐(늙은 생쥐)에 매일 경구 투여하였고, 연령 대조군과 9주령인 어린 대조군(어린 생쥐)에는 동일 용량의 식수를 경구 투여하였다. 다우몬의 약동학 연구결과 생물학적가용능이 45%로써 경구투여제제로의 발전 가능성을 시사하였다. 다우몬 투여 5개월 후 수명연장을 관찰하였고, 생존한 생쥐를 희생하여 혈액과 간을 분석하였다. 어린 생쥐에 비해 늙은 생쥐에서 증가하였던 혈중 중성지방, 인슐린, 지질과산화는 다우몬 투여로 유의하게 감소하였다. 늙은 생쥐에서 유도된 간의 비대, 노화 연관 베타 갈락토시데이즈 활성, 섬유화, 인슐린 저항성, 염증, 그리고 산화성 스트레스가 다우몬 투여에 의해 의미 있게 개선되었다. 늙은 생쥐 간에서 증가된 IκB 인산화는 다우몬 투여로 감소하였고, 인간간암세포주인 HepG2 세포에서 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)로 유도된 NF-κB와 IκB 인산화는 다우몬 처리군에서 감소하였다. NF-κB 활성화와 연관성이 있는 SIRT1 단백의 활성 뿐 아니라 발현이 늙은 생쥐 간에서 감소하였고, 다우몬 투여 시 회복하였다. HepG2 세포에서 TNF-α로 인해 유도된 염증성 사이토카인인 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA의 상향조절은 다우몬 처리 시 감소하였다. 도킹연구에서 다우몬과 SIRT1의 결합친화력이 SIRT1의 활성물질로 알려져 있는 resveratrol보다 큰 것을 확인하고, siRNA 도입으로 SIRT1을 knockdown 시켰을 때, 다우몬 처리에 의한 ICAM-1의 감소가 일어나지 않음을 확인하였다. 정리하면, 다우몬은 생쥐의 수명을 연장하고 다우몬에 의한 항노화 효과는 항염증 작용을 통해 이루어진다고 생각된다. 자세한 다우몬의 항염증 기전은 추가적인 실험이 필요하겠지만, 본 연구는 다우몬이 만성염증, 노화, 노화 관련질병의 타겟이 될 수 있음을 제시하였다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsINTRODUCTION 1 I. Aging 1 A. Definition of aging 1 B. Age-related disease 1 C. Theories of aging 5 D. Characteristics of the aged liver 7 II. Healthy aging 7 A. Calorie restriction 9 B. Resveratrol, a SIRT1 activator 11 C. Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR 12 D. Other treatments 12 E. Genetic mutation 13 III. Daumone 13 IV. Purpose and specific aims 15 MATERIALS & METHODS 20 1. Experimental animals 20 1-1. Long-term daumone treatment 20 1-2. Short-term daumone treatment 22 2. Kaplan-Meier analysis 22 3. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) 22 4. Measurements of blood parameters and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 24 5. Cell culture and siRNA reverse transfection 25 6. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) 25 7. Tissue fractionation 27 8. Western blot 27 9. Morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis 29 10. Detection of lipids 31 11. Detection of senescence associated with β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity 31 12. Pharmacokinetics of daumone 31 13. Docking analysis 32 14. Statistical analysis 32 RESULTS 33 I. Daumones oral bioavailability 33 II. The effect of long-term daumone treatment on old mice 33 1. Increased survival 33 2. Characteristics of experimental animals 36 3. Decreased SA-β-gal activity in the daumone-treated group 36 4. Improved liver pathology and lipid accumulation in the daumone-treated group 39 5. Altered lipid molecules related with lipid metabolism in the daumone-treated group 39 6. Attenuated ECM accumulation and fibrosis in the daumone-treated group 41 7. Improved glucose intolerance and hepatic insulin sensitivity in the daumone-treated group 44 8. Attenuated inflammation in the daumone-treated group 47 9. Attenuated oxidative stress and improved antioxidant defense systems in the daumone-treated group 47 10. Decreased IκBα activation in the daumone-treated group 54 11. Increased AMPK phosphorylation in the daumone-treated group 54 12. Increased SIRT1 level in the daumone-treated group 57 13. Summary of results in long-term daumone treatment 57 III. The role of daumone in TNF-α-induced hepatocyte inflammation 59 1. Decreased TNF-α-induced IκBα phosphorylation in HepG2 cells treated with daumone 59 2. SIRT1 level in HepG2 cells treated with daumone 59 3. Bound daumone interaction with SIRT1 in docking study 59 4. Effect of SIRT1 siRNA on the effect of daumone 63 VI. The effect of short-term daumone treatment on old mice 63 1. Characteristics of experimental animals 66 2. Reduced hepatic macrophage infiltration and inflammation in the daumone-treated group 66 DISCUSSION 70 CONCLUSION 76 REFERENCES 78 APPENDIX 90 국문초록 92 감사의 글 94-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent4909503 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc600-
dc.titleProtective mechanism of daumone in aged mice liver-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.format.pagexi, 95 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 약학과-
dc.date.awarded2013. 8-
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