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dc.contributor.advisor오억수-
dc.contributor.author장보희-
dc.creator장보희-
dc.date.accessioned2017-08-27T11:08:08Z-
dc.date.available2017-08-27T11:08:08Z-
dc.date.issued2017-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000137529-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000137529en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/236007-
dc.description.abstractSyndecan-2, a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is highly expressed in colon cancer cells and participates in diverse biological processes, especially cancer cell migration and invasion. Although syndecan-2 is known to induce matrix metalloproteinases-7 (MMP-7) expression in colon cancer cells, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Here, I investigated regulatory role of syndecan-2 to induce MMP-7 expression and their functional roles in colon cancer activity regulation. The cytoplasmic domain was closely associated with syndecan-2-medaited MMP-7 expression in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Increased syndecan-2 expression resulted in increased membrane localization of protein kinase Cγ(PKCγ). Particularly, phosphorylation of serine 198 at the variable region of syndecan-2 cytoplasmic increased phosphorylation of both FAK and ERK, and syndecan-2-mediated MMP-7 expression, suggesting that syndecan-2 cytoplasmic domain regulates expression of MMP-7 through PKCγ-mediated activation of FAK/ERK pathway. Increased expression of MMP-7 excreted as a pro-form of MMP-7. Interestingly, syndecan-2 extracellular domain directed interacted with pro-domain of MMP-7. Studies with a series of syndecan-2 extracellular domain deletion mutants and pro-domain of MMP-7 showed that the interaction was mediated through the extracellular domain of syndecan-2 (human residues 41 to 60) with α2 helix-loop-α3 helix at pro-domain of MMP-7. Consistently, interaction defective syndecan-2 mutants (replacing either Tyr 51 into Ala or Ala 52 into Glu in syndecan-2) did not affect expression of MMP-7, but reduced syndecan-2-mediated anchorage-independent growth of HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells and MMP-7-medaited extracellular domain shedding of both syndecan-2 and E-cadherin, suggesting that the interaction of syndecan-2 extracellular domain with MMP-7 is important for colon cancer activity regulation. E-cadherin is one of molecule plays a mechanical role in mediating cell-cell interaction. Overexpression of syndecan-2 enhanced the E-cadherin shedding without changing level of transcriptional expression in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Inhibition of either expression or activity of MMP-7 reduced the extracellular shedding of E-cadherin, suggesting that syndecan-2 mediates E-cadherin shedding via MMP-7. Besides, HT-29 cells overexpressing syndecan-2 showed significantly lower cell-surface expression of E-cadherin, significantly decreased cell-cell contact and a more fibroblastic cell morphology, suggesting that supports the acquisition of a fibroblast-like morphology by regulating MMP-7 expression in a colon cancer cells. Taken together, all these data strongly suggest that syndecan-2 regulates colon cancer activity cooperative with MMP-7.;Syndecan-2 는 세포 표면에 존재하는 heparan sulfate proteoglycan 단백질중의 하나로써, 대장암 세포에서 높게 발현되고 있고 다양한 생물학적 프로세스에 관여하고 있고 특히, 암세포의 이동성과 침습에 중요한 역할을 하고있다. 그리고 syndecan-2 는 초기 대장암에서 matrix metalloproteinases-7 (MMP-7) 단백질의 발현을 증가 시키지만 정확한 그 메커니즘은 현재까지 규명되지 않았다. 그리하여 본 논문에서는 대장암 세포주에서 syndecan-2가 MMP-7을 특이적으로 조절하는 기전을 규명하였다. Syndecan-2 의 세포내 domain 중 V-region serine198 에 의한 PKCγ의 세포막 주위로의 이동이 FAK/ERK 라는 세포신호전달 단백질을 통해 MMP-7의 발현을 조절하는 것을 밝혔다. 더 나아가 syndecan-2에 의해 발현이 증가된 proMMP-7 이 다시 세포 표면의 syndecan-2와 직접적으로 결합함으로써 세포내 활성을 조절한다는 것을 규명하고자 구조적 연구 접근방식 (NMR 과 docking 모델 프로그램)을 활용하여 syndecan-2와 MMP-7 복합체 구조를 확립하였다. 사람의 syndecan-2 세포외도메인 내의 amino acid 51번째 타이로신 은 proMMP-7 의 α2helix-loop-α3helix 부위와 직접적인 결합을 통해서 대장암 세포내에서 비활성 상태의 MMP-7을 활성화된 엔자임으로 바꾸어 줌으로써 암 활성을 증가 시킬 수 있음을 밝혔다. 한편, 세포와 세포의 결합에 중요한 역할을 하고 암의 이동성 및 전이과정에 관여하고 있는 세포표면 단백질인 E-cadherin 은 최근 연구에 따르면 MMP-7에 의하여 세포간 결합이외에도 완전한 세포외도메인 형태로 잘리는 절단 (shedding) 을 통해 암세포의 활성을 촉진 한다고 보고되고 있다. 그리하여 본 논문은 대장암 세포에서 세포표면단백질인 syndecan-2 와 E-cadherin 간의 상관관계를 규명하였다. 흥미롭게도, 대장암 세포주인 HT-29 세포내에서 syndecan-2 는 E-cadherin의 유전자 발현변화 없이 MMP-7을 통한 E-cadherin 세포외도메인 절단을 증가시켜 상피세포(epithelial)를 결합 조직 형성(fibroblastic) 세포 형태로 모양을 변화 시키고 부분적 상피간엽이행(EMT) 현상을 매개하는 것을 밝혔다. 결론적으로, 초기 대장암세포에서 발현이 증가된 syndecan-2는 세포내기질을 붕괴시킬 수 있는 MMP-7의 발현을 증가시키고 발현 증가 뿐 아니라 그 활성도 결합을 통해 조절하여 암전이 기전이의 하나인 EMT현상도 유도할 수 있음을 밝혔다. 이러한 발견은 대장암 세포내 syndecan-2 발현을 통한 MMP-7 조절은 세포내 신호전달체계의 변화와 세포기질의 변화를 야기함으로써 추후 대장암의 치료제 개발에 효율적 접근이 용이할 것으로 기대된다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsINTRODUCTION 12 CHAPTER I 34 I. INTRODUCTION 35 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 39 1. Antibodies and materials 39 2. Cell Culture and transfection 39 3. Vector construction and generation of stable cell lines 40 4. RNA extraction and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) 41 5. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) 42 6. Flow cytometry 42 7. Immunoblotting 43 8. Cellular Fractionation 43 9. TCA precipitation and slot blotting 44 10. Luciferase assay 44 11. Cell migration and colony forming assays 45 12. Immunofluorescence analysis 46 13. Statistical Analysis 47 III. RESULTS 48 1. Syndecan-2 promotes MMP-7 expression by activating the FAK/ERK pathway. 48 2. The cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-2 is crucial for its ability to induce MMP-7 expression. 54 3. Phosphorylation of serine 198 in the variable region is required for the ability of syndecan-2 to induce MMP-7 expression. 57 4. Syndecan-2 requires PKCto upregulate MMP-7. 62 5. Syndecan-2 cytoplasmic domain induces MMP-7 expression independent of extracellular domain shedding. 67 IV. DISCUSSION 72 CHAPTER II 77 I. INTRODUCTION 78 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 82 1. Antibodies and Materials 82 2. Cell Culture and Stable Cell Lines 82 3. Construction and Transfection of Expression Vectors 83 4. Peptide synthesis 83 5. Construction of Mutant syndecan-2 84 6. Expression and Purification of Recombinant GST 84 7. Expression and Purification of Recombinant His-proMMP-7 Proteins 85 8. Sample Preparation for the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Experiment and NMR Titration 85 9. GST-pull down assays 87 10. Molecular modeling 88 11. Interaction modeling 89 12. ELISA Assay 89 13. Structural analysis by Circular dichroism spectroscopy 90 14. Colony forming assays 90 15. TCA precipitation and slot blotting 91 16. Cell proliferation assay 91 17. RT-PCR 92 18. Statistical Analysis 93 III. RESULTS 94 1. Syndecan-2 extracellular domain directly interacts with MMP-7 pro-domain 94 2. MMP-7 23 helix directly interact with syndecan-2 extracellular domain. 98 3. Pro domain of MMP-7 binding of syndecan-2 peptide hS2SD peptide by NMR titration 103 4. Docking modeling of Pro domain of MMP-7 binding of hS2SD peptide 107 5. Syndecan-2-mediated tumorigenic activities are dependent on MMP- 7 interaction 111 IV. DISCUSSION 114 CHAPTER III 117 I. INTRODUCTION 118 II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 121 1. Reagents and antibodies 121 2. Cell culture and transfection 121 3. RNA extraction and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) 122 4. Immunoblotting 123 5. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) 124 6. Flow cytometry 125 7. Immunofluorescence analysis 125 8. Luciferase assay 126 9. Statistical analysis 127 III. RESULTS 128 1. Syndecan-2 expression promotes E-cadherin shedding in colon cancer cells 128 2. Cell-surface expression of syndecan-2 is inversely correlated with that of Ecadherin 132 3. Syndecan-2 regulates the extracellular shedding of E-cadherin through MMP-7 in colon cancer cells 136 4. Syndecan-2 induces morphological changes among epithelial cells via Ecadherin shedding 140 IV. DISCUSSION 143 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 145 REFERENCES 154 논문 개요 176 APPENDIX 178-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent3469663 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc600-
dc.titleSyndecan-2-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-7 regulation in colon cancer cells-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.format.page178 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 생명과학과-
dc.date.awarded2017. 2-
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