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dc.contributor.advisor이공주-
dc.contributor.author오수현-
dc.creator오수현-
dc.date.accessioned2017-03-24T01:03:50Z-
dc.date.available2017-03-24T01:03:50Z-
dc.date.issued2012-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000069827-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/234806-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000069827-
dc.description.abstractFas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) is an ubiquitin receptor having multi-ubiquitin related domains such as an ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain, ubiquitin-like (UBL1 and UBL2) domains and an ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain. FAF1 recruits polyubiquitinated protein through the UBA domain and leads them to interact with proteasome. Here, we show that FAF1 interacts with UBR2, UBR4 and UBR5 which are ubiquitin E3 ligases involved in N-end rule pathway, and are identified to regulate the proteolysis of RGS4 (Regulator of G-protein signaling 4), a known substrate of UBR. Overexpression of FAF1 accelerates the degradation of RGS4, and silencing FAF1 with siRNA decreases the degradation of RGS4. These effects were abolished in cells overexpressing FAF1 mutants, lacking UBA domain or mutated in UBA domain. In order to confirm that these FAF1 effects are via N-end rules, mutant RGS4 C2V, which is not degradable via N-end rule, was employed as a FAF1 substrate. It turned out that FAF1 expression does not have any discernible effect on proteolysis of RGS4 C2V. These results collectively suggest that FAF1 promotes RGS4 degradation in ubiquitin-proteasome system through its UBA domain interacting with UBRs. In addition, we suggested the putative N-degron substrate of FAF1, FABP4 (fatty acid binding protein 4) having N-terminal Met-Cys- and N-terminal close Lys residue. The degradation of FABP4 was accelerated in cells overexpressing FAF1 and decreased in cells silencing FAF1. However, degradation rate of FABP4 C2V altered by FAF1 is similar to that of wild FABP4, which suggests that FAF1 regulates FABP4 in a different way, not through interacting with UBRs. We identified β-catenin as a new polyubiquitinated substrate of FAF1 by tandem immunoprecipitation. We present evidences that FAF1 regulates the level of intracellular β-catenin. In cells silencing FAF1, the degradation rate of β-catenin was increased and TCF (T-cell factor) luciferase reporter activity was decreased. To examine the role of FAF1 via WNT/β-catenin signaling, adipogenesis system was adopted. During differentiation from 3T3-L1 preadipocyte to adipocyte, knocking down FAF1 in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte promotes 3T3-L1 differentiation. These results implicate that FAF1 inhibits adipogenesis by regulating the intracellular level of β-catenin.;Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1)은 ubiquitin receptor로써 ubiquitin 관련 domain인 ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain, ubiquitin-like (UBL1 and UBL2) domains 과 ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain을 가지고 있다. FAF1는 UBA domain을 통해서 polyubiquitination된 단백질과 결합하여 proteasome으로 보내는 역할을 한다. 이번 연구에서는 FAF1가 UBA domain으로 UBR2, UBR4, UBR5 ubiquitin E3 ligases 와 상호작용하는 것을 밝혔다. UBR E3 ligases는 N-end rule pathway에 작용하는 E3 ligase로 N-end rule substrate인 RGS4 (Regulator of G-protein signaling 4)의 proteolysis를 조절한다고 알려져 있다. FAF1의 과발현이 이 RGS4의 degradation을 촉진하였으며, FAF1가 없을 때에는 RGS4의 degradation이 줄어들었다. 이러한 FAF1의 작용은 UBA domain이 없거나 mutation된 경우에는 일어나지 않았으며, N-end rule의 destabilizing residue에 해당하지 않는 mutant인 RGS4 C2V로 실험한 경우에도 일어나지 않았다. 이것은 FAF1이 UBA domain과 UBR의 상호작용을 통해 ubiquitin-proteasome system으로 RGS4의 degradation을 조절한다는 것을 확인할 수 있게 하였다. 추가적인 확인을 위해 잠재적인 N-degron substrate인 FABP4 (fatty acid binding protein 4)로 실험을 하였다. FABP4는 N-terminus에 Met-Cys-와 10번째의 Lys 잔기를 가지고 있어서 N-degron substrate로써의 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단하였다. FABP4의 degradation은 FAF1의 과발현에 의해 촉진되었고, siRNA로 인한 FAF1의 고갈에 의해 저해되었다. 하지만, FABP4 C2V의 degradation이 FABP4 wild type과 똑같이 조절되어FAF1의 FABP4조절기전이 UBR E3 ligase을 통하지 않는 다른 방식이라는 것을 시사했다. 한편으로는 Tandem immunoprecipitation을 통해 FAF1의 polyubiquitinated substrate을 찾는 실험을 수행하여 β-catenin을 새로운 substrate으로 확인하고, FAF1이 cytosol의 β-catenin level을 조절한다는 근거를 제시하였다. FAF1을 siRNA로 저발현시킨 세포에서 β-catenin의 degradation이 촉진되고, β-catenin과의 상호작용에 의한 활성화되는 TCF (T-cell factor)의 luciferase reporter activity가 감소되었다. FAF1이 WNT/β-catenin signaling을 조절함으로써 어떠한 역할을 하는지 알아보기 위해 adipogenesis system을 통해 연구하였다. 3T3-L1 preadipocyte가 adipocyte으로 분화하는 동안 FAF1이 저발현된 3T3-L1 preadipocyte은 지방세포로의 분화가 촉진되었다. 이러한 결과들이 FAF1이 β-catenin의 intracellular level을 조절하여 3T3-L1의 지방세포로의 분화를 촉진한다는 것을 보여준다.-
dc.description.tableofcontents1. Introduction . 1 2. Materials and Method 8 2.1. Reagents and plasmids 8 2.2. Cell Culture . 8 2.3. 3T3-L1 differentiation induction and Oil red O staining 9 2.4. Transfection . 9 2.5. GST pull down 10 2.6. Immunoprecipitation . 10 2.7. Western analysis 11 2.8. Peptide sequencing and PTMs analysis . 11 2.9. Digitonin extraction . 12 2.10. Luciferase reporter assay . 13 3. Result 14 3.1. Interactomes of UBA domain of FAF1: UBR2, 4, 5 E3 ligases 14 3.2. FAF1 promotes the degradation of RGS4 18 3.3. UBA domain of FAF1 is required for the regulation of RGS4 . 22 3.4. FAF1 regulates the proteolysis of RGS4 via UBR E3 ligases . 22 3.5. The N-terminal post-translational modifications of RGS4 coincide with a canonical N-end rule . 22 3.6. FAF1 accelerates the degradation of FABP4 25 3.7. FAF1 regulates both FABP4 wild type and FABP4 C2V mutant . 29 3.8. FABP4 is n-terminally acetylated to the α-amide group of n-terminal cysteine 29 3.9. β-catenin is a polyubiquitinated substrate of FAF1 . 35 3.10. FAF1 potentiates Wnt/β-catenin signaling 38 3.11. FAF1 regulates 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation 40 4. Discussion 43 References . 49 국문초록 57-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent2247142 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.titleThe Functional Studies of Fas Associated Factor 1 on an Ubiquitin Proteasome System-
dc.typeMaster's Thesis-
dc.format.pageix, 58 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeMaster-
dc.identifier.major대학원 생명·약학부약학전공-
dc.date.awarded2012. 2-
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