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Morphine dependence is attenuated by red ginseng extract and ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K
- Title
- Morphine dependence is attenuated by red ginseng extract and ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K
- Authors
- Yayeh, Taddesse; Yun, Kyunghwa; Jang, Soyong; Oh, Seikwan
- Ewha Authors
- 오세관
- SCOPUS Author ID
- 오세관
- Issue Date
- 2016
- Journal Title
- JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH
- ISSN
- 1226-8453
2093-4947
- Citation
- JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 445 - 452
- Keywords
- biotransformation; ginsenosides; morphine dependence; red ginseng extract
- Publisher
- KOREAN SOC GINSENG
- Indexed
- SCIE; SCOPUS; KCI
- Document Type
- Article
- Abstract
- Background: Red ginseng and ginsenosides have shown plethoric effects against various ailments. However, little is known regarding the effect of red ginseng on morphine-induced dependence and tolerance. We therefore investigated the effect of red ginseng extract (RGE) and biotransformed ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K on morphine-induced dependence in mice and rats. Methods: While mice were pretreated with RGE and then morphine was injected intraperitoneally, rats were infused with ginsenosides and morphine intracranially for 7 days. Naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal syndrome was estimated and conditioned place preference test was performed for physical and psychological dependence, respectively. Western blotting was used to measure protein expressions. Results: Whereas RGE inhibited the number of naloxone-precipitated jumps and reduced conditioned place preference score, it restored the level of glutathione in mice. Likewise, ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K attenuated morphine-dependent behavioral patterns such as teeth chattering, grooming, wet-dog shake, and escape behavior in rats. Moreover, activated N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor subunit 1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the frontal cortex of rats, and cultured cortical neurons from mice were downregulated by ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K despite their differential effects. Conclusion: RGE and biotransformed ginsenosides could be considered as potential therapeutic agents against morphine-induced dependence. Copyright (C) 2016, The Korean Society of Ginseng, Published by Elsevier.
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.08.006
- Appears in Collections:
- 의과대학 > 의학과 > Journal papers
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