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Compound K, a metabolite of ginseng saponin, induces mitochondria-dependent and caspase-dependent apoptosis via the generation of reactive oxygen species in human colon cancer cells
- Title
- Compound K, a metabolite of ginseng saponin, induces mitochondria-dependent and caspase-dependent apoptosis via the generation of reactive oxygen species in human colon cancer cells
- Authors
- Lee I.K.; Kang K.A.; Lim C.M.; Kim K.C.; Kim H.S.; Kim D.H.; Kim B.J.; Chang W.Y.; Choi J.H.; Hyun J.W.
- Ewha Authors
- 김희선
- SCOPUS Author ID
- 김희선
- Issue Date
- 2010
- Journal Title
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- ISSN
- 1422-0067
- Citation
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 4916 - 4931
- Indexed
- SCIE; SCOPUS
- Document Type
- Article
- Abstract
- The objective of this study was to elucidate the cytotoxic mechanism of Compound K, with respect to the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial involved apoptosis, in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Compound K exhibited a concentration of 50% growth inhibition (IC 50) at 20 μg/mL and cytotoxicity in a time dependent manner. Compound K produced intracellular ROS in a time dependent fashion; however, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment resulted in the inhibition of this effect and the recovery of cell viability. Compound K induced a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway via the modulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expressions, resulting in the disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Loss of the ΔΨm was followed by cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, resulting in the activation of caspase-9, -3, and concomitant poly ADP-ribosyl polymerase (PARP) cleavage, which are the indicators of caspase-dependent apoptosis. The apoptotic effect of Compound K, exerted via the activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), was abrogated by specific MAPK inhibitors. This study demonstrated that Compound K-mediated generation of ROS led to apoptosis through the modulation of a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway and MAPK pathway. © 2010 by the authors.
- DOI
- 10.3390/ijms11124916
- Appears in Collections:
- 의과대학 > 의학과 > Journal papers
- Files in This Item:
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