Changes of the Level of G Protein α-Subunit mRNA by Tolerance to and Withdrawal from Butorphanol

Abstract

Butorphanol was infused continuously into cerebral ventricle at a constant rate of 26 nmol/μl/h for 3 days, and the withdrawal from opioid was rendered 7 h after the cessation of infusion, The G-protein α-subunit has been implicated in opioid tolerance and withdrawal. The effects of continuous infusion of butorphanol on the modulation of G protein α-subunit mRNA were investigated by using in situ hybridization techniques. In situ hybridization showed marked changes in the levels of Gαs during butorphanol tolerance and withdrawal. Specifically, the level of Gαs mRNA was significantly decreased in almost all areas of brain except hippocampus during the butorphanol withdrawal. It was also decreased in the septum and cerebellar granule layer in butorphanol tolerant rats. The level of Gαi mRNA was significantly decreased only in the cerebral cortex of butorphanol tolerant rat. However, no such change was noted during the withdrawal from butorphanol. The level of Gαo mRNA was not changed either in butorphanol tolerant or in the butorphanol withdrawal rats. No alterations were noted in the level of [3H]forskolin binding to adenylyl cyclase in butorphanol tolerant as well as withdrawing rats. The levels of pCREB were significantly elevated in the hippocampus in the butorphanol withdrawal rats. These results suggest that region-specific changes of G protein α-subunit mRNA and pCREB without marked changes in the level of adenylyl cyclase may underlie the tolerance to and withdrawal from butorphanol.