Structural Relationships among E-learners' Sense of Presence, Usage, Flow, Satisfaction, and Persistence

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the structural relationships among teaching presence, cognitive presence, usage, learning flow, satisfaction, and learning persistence in corporate e-learners. The research participants were 462 e-learners registered for cyber-lectures through an electronics company in South Korea. The extrinsic variables were sense of teaching presence, sense of cognitive presence, and usage. According to structural equation modeling, each of these variables and flow significantly affected satisfaction. Although sense of teaching presence and satisfaction significantly affected sense of cognitive presence, usage and flow did not significantly affect learning persistence. Accordingly, we established a corrected model after removing insignificant paths and investigated again. We confirmed that learning flow significantly intermediated among sense of teaching presence, sense of cognitive presence, and satisfaction but not between usage and satisfaction. In addition, satisfaction intermediated among sense of teaching presence, sense of cognitive presence, usage, flow, and learning persistence. These findings demonstrate the importance of sense of teaching presence, sense of cognitive presence, and usage for e-learners. We expect that the results will contribute to the formation and improvement of fundamental learning strategies for successful e-learning.