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dc.contributor.advisor장준-
dc.contributor.author강정옥-
dc.creator강정옥-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-26T04:08:31Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-26T04:08:31Z-
dc.date.issued2016-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000127803-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/215048-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000127803-
dc.description.abstract소화관, 기관, 생식관 및 요관을 덮고 있는 점막은 외부를 분리하는 물리화학적 장벽일 뿐 아니라 중요한 면역기관이기도 하다. 여러 병원체 및 알러젠들은 점막을 통해 유입된다. 질병을 유발하는 병원체의 침입을 막고 음식, 공기 중에 있는 물질 또는 공생 미생물에서 유래한 무해한 항원에 대한 불필요한 면역반응을 억제하는데 있어 점막면역계는 중요한 역할을 한다. 따라서 감염 병원체 및 염증성 면역질환에 대한 대응전략을 찾기 위해서는 점막면역에 관한 기초를 밝히는 것이 중요하다. 본 학위논문은 A 파트에서 점막면역 보조제인 콜레라 독소가 매개하는 Th17 세포 분화에 관련된 기전을 보고하며 B 파트에서 인플루엔자 B 바이러스에 대한 교차방어면역을 일으키는 점막백신에 관해 보고한다. 먼저 콜레라 독소는 비브리오 콜레라균이 만드는 독소로 강력한 점막면역 보조제이다. 앞선 연구에서 콜레라 독소는 IL-17을 분비하는 Th17 세포분화를 유도하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서는 콜레라 독소의 비강투여 후 CD103+ DC 및 CD11bhi DC와 같은 이동성 수지상 세포가 mediastinal lymph node로 이동함을 밝혔다. CD103+ DC와 비교하여 CD11bhi DC는 상대적으로 미성숙하였으나 Th17 세포분화에 더 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 콜레라 독소를 처리한 BMDC는 MHC class II 및 CD86 발현이 감소하였으며 BMDC와 비교하여 더 강력히 Th17 세포분화를 유도하였다. CD25 및 CD69와 같은 activation marker의 발현, 증식 및 IL-2 생산을 분석한 결과는 콜레라 독소를 처리한 BMDC가 아무런 처리를 하지 않은 BMDC보다 항원제공 능력이 떨어지는 것을 보여주고 있다. 또한 콜레라 독소를 처리한 BMDC는 IL-6 및 IL-1β와 함께 activin A 발현이 증가하며 이 activin A는 TGF-β와 함께 Th17 세포분화에서 중요하게 작용하는 것으로 확인되었다. 종합하면 본 연구에서는 콜레라 독소가 DC의 항원제공능 및 Th17 분화에 관련된 사이토카인 생산을 조절함으로써 Th17 세포분화를 촉진시킨다고 밝히고 있다. 학위논문의 다음 주제는 인플루엔자 B 바이러스의 핵단백질을 이용한 백신개발에 관한 것이다. 인플루엔자 바이러스에서 핵단백질은 상당히 유사하다는 점에서 범 인플루엔자 백신 성분으로 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 이전 연구에서 인플루엔자 A 바이러스의 핵단백질을 발현하는 재조합 아데노바이러스가 동종 및 이종 인플루엔자 바이러스에 대한 방어면역을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서는 인플루엔자 B 바이러스의 핵단백질을 발현하는 재조합 아데노바이러스 (rAd/B-NP)의 백신효과를 확인하였다. 또한 rAd/B-NP에 의해 유도되는 세포독성 면역반응을 확인하기 위해 B-NP내 세포독성 T 세포의 항원결정부 (epitope)를 조사하였다. rAd/B-NP를 비강으로 1회 투여로 동종뿐 아니라 이종 인플루엔자 바이러스에 대해서도 예방효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 향후 범 인플루엔자 백신개발로 이어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.;Mucous membranes are not the physicochemical barrier to the outside environment but also the important immune organ. Many pathogens and environmental allergens have a mucosal portal of entry. A Mucosal immune system is crucial in protecting the mucus membrane against invasion by potentially dangerous pathogens and in preventing development of potentially harmful immune responses against nonpathogen antigens from ingested food, airborne matter and commensal microflora. Therefore elucidating the fundamental aspects of mucosal immunity is needed to find appropriate strategy against infectious pathogens and inflammatory disorders. This thesis presents the underling mechanism in mucosal adjuvant-mediated CD4 T cell differentiation (PART A) and the mucosal vaccine with protection against homologous and heterologous influenza B viruses (PART B). Cholera toxin (CT) is an exotoxin produced by Vibrio cholerae and a potent mucosal adjuvant. In a previous study, CT has been shown to skew differentiation of CD4 T cells to interleukin (IL)-17-producing T helper 17 (Th 17) cells. Here, this study showed that intranasal administration of CT induced migration of migratory dendritic cell (DC) populations, CD103+ DCs and CD11bhi DCs, to the lung draining mediastinal lymph nodes (medLN). Among those DC subsets, CD11bhi DCs that were relatively immature had a major role in Th17 cell differentiation after administration of CT. CT-treated bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) showed reduced expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and CD86, similar to CD11bhi DCs in medLN, and these BMDCs promoted Th17 cell differentiation more potently than other BMDCs expressing higher levels of MHC class II and CD86. By analyzing the expression of activation markers such as CD25 and CD69, proliferation and IL-2 production, it was determined that CT-treated BMDCs showed diminished antigen-presenting potential to CD4+ T cells compared with normal BMDCs. It was also found that CT-stimulated BMDCs promoted activin A expression as well as IL-6 and IL-1β and activin A had a synergic role with TGF-β in CT-mediated Th17 cell differentiation. Taken together, this study suggests that CT-stimulated DCs promote Th17 cell differentiation by not only modulating antigen-presenting potential but also inducing Th polarizing cytokines. Nucleoprotein (NP) is highly conserved among influenza viruses (A, B and C) and paid significant attention as a good target molecule for universal influenza vaccine development. The previous study indicated that recombinant adenovirus encoding nucleoprotein of type A influenza virus provided mice protective immunity against both homologous and heterologous influenza A viruses following single mucosal immunization. In this study, it was determined whether a recombinant adenovirus encoding nucleoprotein of type B influenza virus (rAd/B-NP) confers protection against influenza B virus infection in mice. A cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope in the nucleoprotein of influenza B virus was also identified to determine B-NP-specific CD8 T-cell responses generated after immunization with the rAd/B-NP vaccine. This study presents that single mucosal administration of rAd/B-NP induced strong NP-specific humoral and CD8 T-cell responses, as provided by Dd/NP tetramer-positive and IFN-γ-expressing CD8 T cells. Importantly, rAd/B-NP-immunized mice were protected against lethal infection with both lineages of influenza B virus (B/Yamagata and B/Victoria lineage), although the protective efficacy was partial against challenge with B/Victoria lineage virus. Thus, this study suggests that rAd/B-NP could be further developed as a universal vaccine against influenza B viruses.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsPART A. Cholera Toxin Promotes Th17 Cell Differentiation by Modulating Expression of Polarizing Cytokines and the Antigen-Presenting Potential of Dendritic Cells 1 I. ABSTRACT 2 II. INTRODUCTION 4 III. MATERIALS AND METHODS 7 1. Mice and ethics statement 7 2. Reagents 7 3. Generation of BMDCs 8 4. Analysis of lung migratory dendritic cells and BMDCs 8 5. Real time PCR 9 6. Cytokine assays 11 7. In vitro T cell differentiation 11 8. Surface staining, intracellular cytokine staining, and flow cytotoxicity analysis 13 9. Measurement of CD25 and CD69 following activation 14 10. Cell proliferation assays 14 11. Statistical analysis 14 VI. RESULTS 15 A. CD11bhi DCs and CD103+ DCs migrate to lung draining lymph nodes after CT administration, and CD11bhi DCs contribute to Th17 differentiation 15 B. CT increases a population of BMDCs showing reduced expression of class II MHC and CD86 that mediates Th17 differentiation 20 C. CT reduces TCR signaling strength by decreasing the antigen-presenting potential of BMDCs 30 D. CT directs BMDCs to polarize Th17 cell differentiation by modulating the strength of TCR signaling 34 E. CT induces inflammatory cytokines including activin A in BMDCs 38 F. Activin A has a critical role in Th17 differentiation by CT in vitro 43 V. DISCUSSION 47 PART B. Single Mucosal Vaccination with Recombinant Adenovirus Encoding Influenza B Virus Nucleoprotein Provides Broad Protection against Infection by Two Lineages of Influenza B Virus 50 I. ABSTRACT 51 II. INTRODUCTION 52 III. MATERIALS AND METHODS 55 1. Mice and virus strain 55 2. Cells 55 3. Construction of recombinant replication- defective adenoviruses 56 4. Determination of candidate CTL epitopes for influenza B virus nucleoprotein 56 4.1 Prediction of candidate CTL epitopes for influenza B virus nucleoprotein 56 4.2 Evaluation of synthetic peptides as candidate CTL epitopes 59 5. In vivo cytotoxicity assay 59 6. Vaccination and challenge 59 7. ELISA 60 8. Preparation of lung lymphocytes and flow cytometric analysis 61 9. Statistical analysis 62 IV. RESULTS 63 A. Generation and characterization of recombinant adenovirus expressing NP of influenza B virus 63 B. Evaluation of synthetic peptides as candidate CTL epitopes 66 C. Humoral and cytotoxic T cell responses induced by mucosal rAd/B-NP immunization 71 D. Protection against homologous virus challenge by mucosal rAd/B-NP immunization 76 E. Protection against heterologous virus challenge by mucosal rAd/B-NP immunization 78 V. DISCUSSION 80 REFERENCES 84 한글 초록 97 감사의 글 100-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent3754500 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc600-
dc.titleThe Study on Cholera Toxin-Mediated Th17 Cell Differentiation and Universal Influenza B Vaccine-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.format.pageviii, 101 p.-
dc.contributor.examiner신동해-
dc.contributor.examiner황은숙-
dc.contributor.examiner하상준-
dc.contributor.examiner이혁진-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 약학과-
dc.date.awarded2016. 8-
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