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dc.contributor.advisor강동민-
dc.contributor.author조수인-
dc.creator조수인-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-26T04:08:11Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-26T04:08:11Z-
dc.date.issued2015-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000111164-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/213688-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000111164-
dc.description.abstractH_(2)O_(2) molecules acts as signaling mediators which can oxidize many cysteine-containing protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and some kinases reversibly. But, it is little known how H_(2)O_(2) affects the conversion of phosphoinositides which are important signaling transducers at the plasma membrane (PM). In this study, we observed that the level of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PtdIns(4)P] is enhanced transiently around the PM by H_(2)O_(2) accumulated under EGF stimulation in A549 cells using live cell imaging with a PtdIns(4)P fluorescent reporter, GFP-FAPP1-PH mutant (FAPP1-PH(m)). We investigated whether synaptojanin, one of major PtdIns(4,5)P_(2) phosphatase, has a role to induce the increase of PtdIns(4)P, an intermediate product of synaptojanin around the PM. synaptojanin is composed of three domains such as an amino terminal Sac1 4-phosphatase homology region, a central inositol 5-phosphatase region, and a carboxyl terminal proline-rich region. We observed the abrogation of transient increase of PtdIns-4P level in synaptojanin 2 knock-down cells compared with that in control cells. We found that the Sac1 domain of synaptojanin 1 and 2 is oxidized by H_(2)O_(2) and the catalytic cysteine (C-X_(5)-R) is a target of H_(2)O_(2)-induced oxidation. In vitro phosphatase assay showed that 4-phosphatase activity of synatojainin 2 is inhibited by H_(2)O_(2) but 5-phosphatase activity is not. Administration of PtdIns(4)P into cell promotes the endocytosis of EGF and ectopic expression of the PM targeting catalase inhibits the endocytosis of EGF, indicating the transient increase of PtdIns(4)P level and H_(2)O_(2)-dependent oxidation of synatojanin 2 is required for the endocytosis of EGF. Here, we firstly provide the mechanism by which activities of PtdIns dual phosphatase are regulated differentially by H_(2)O_(2) and how local accumulation of the PM H_(2)O_(2) enhances a transient increase of PtdIns-4P level under EGF stimulation.;활성산소(H_(2)O_(2))는 cysteine 잔기를 가지는 protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 와 kinase를 가역적으로 산화시키는 신호전달 매개체이다. 하지만, 활성산소가 plasma membrane에서 중요한 신호전달자인 phosphoinositide의 전환에 어떻게 영향을 끼치는지는 많이 알려져 있지 않았다. 이 연구에서 우리는 PtdIns(4)P의 형광 지표인 GFP-FAPP1-PH mutant (FAPP1-PH(m))를 사용해서 A549 cell에서 상피 세포 성장 인자 (EGF) 자극에 의해 생성된 활성산소에 의해 plasma membrane 주위의 PtdIns(4)P의 양이 일시적으로 증가한 것을 관찰했다. 다음으로 PtdIns(4,5)P_(2)의 주요 인산가수 분해효소중의 하나인 synaptojanin이 plasma membrane 주위의 PtdIns(4)P (synaptojanin의 중간생성물)의 증가를 유도한 것인지를 조사했다. Synaptojanin은 amino말단의 Sac1 4-phosphatase region, 중간의 5-phosphatase region, 그리고 carboxyl 말단의 proline-rich region으로 구성되어 있다. 우리는 synaptojanin2의 발현이 감소된 세포에서 PtdIns(4)P의 양이 증가하는 현상이 나타나지 않고, synaptojanin 1과 2의 Sac1 도메인이 활성산소에 의해 산화되며, 활성 cysteine (C-X5-R)이 산화를 위한 활성산소의 표적이라는 것을 발견했다. 또한 생체 외 인산가수분해 효소 실험에서 synaptojanin 2의 4-phosphatase region의 활성이 활성산소에 의해 억제되지만, 5-phosphatase region은 억제되지 않았다. 마지막으로 세포 안으로 PtdIns(4)P를 인위적으로 첨가하면 상피세포성장인자 수용체 (EGFR)의 내포작용(endocytosis)이 촉진되고, plasma membrane에 특이적으로 catalase를 발현시키면 감소되었다. 이것은 PtdIns(4)P의 일시적 증가와 활성산소 의존적인 synaptojanin 2의 산화가 상피세포성장인자 수용체의 내포작용에 필요하다는 것을 나타낸다. 이 논문에서, 우리는 처음으로 활성산소에 의해 다르게 조절되는 이중 인산가수분해효소의 활성에 의한 메커니즘과 plasma membrane 활성산소의 국소적인 발현이 상피세포성장인자의 자극에 의해 어떻게 PtdIns(4)P의 양을 일시적으로 증가시키는지를 밝혔다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsIntroduction 1 I. Phosphoinositide 2 Ⅰ-A) Phosphoinositide species and their subcellular localization 2 Ⅰ-B) Phospholipid binding domain 7 Ⅰ-C) The role of PtdIns(4)P in the plasma membrane 10 II. The Synaptojanin proteins 12 II-A) Yeast Synaptojanin-like protein 12 II-B) Mammalian Synaptojanin protein family 14 III. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) 20 III-A) The source of ROS 22 III-B) Redox signaling 24 III-C) NADPH oxidases (NOXs) 26 IV. Relationship between ROS and synaptojanin protein 27 V. The specific aims of the thesis 34 Materials and Methods 35 1. Chemicals and antibodies 36 2. Cell culture and Transfection reagent 36 3. Plasmids and siRNAs 37 4. Detection of oxidized Synaptojanin by biotinyl-cysteine labeling assay 38 5. Protein purification 39 6. Malachite Green assay 40 7. Immunoblot 40 8. Targeted catalase Fractionation 41 9. Immunofluorescence 42 10. Endocytosis analysis of EGFR 43 11. Delivery of PtdIns(4)P and endocytosis analysis 43 12. Statistical analysis 44 Results 45 1. The catalytic cysteine in 4-phosphatase domain of synaptojanin 1 and synaptojanin 2 is oxidized by exogenous H2O2 or H2O2 generated by activation with growth factor 46 2. In vitro assay shows both 4-phosphatase domain and 5-phosphatase domain of synaptojanin 2 have enzyme activity 52 3. The control of activity of the 4-phosphatase domain and 5-phosphatase domain of synaptojanin 2 by H2O2 56 4. HyPer, genetically encoded fluorescent H2O2 indicator 59 5. The plasma membrane H2O2 increased in A549 cells stimulated with EGF 62 6. PtdIns(4)P level around the plasma membrane increased during EGF stimulation 68 7. PtdIns(4,5)P2 level around the plasma membrane is not affected by EGF stimulation in A549 cells 77 8. Synaptojanin 2 is recruited to the plasma membrane under EGF activation in A549 cells 81 9. Increasing of PtdIns(4)P level is dependent on H2O2 generated around the plasma membrane 83 10. The transient increase of PtdIns(4)P level is caused by synaptojanin 2 96 11. Increasing of the plasma membrane PtdIns(4)P is independent on the activity of PtdIns-4 Kinase during EGF stimulation 104 12. EGFR endocytosis is reduced in A549 cells overexpressing Catalase-F 111 13. Elevated PtdIns(4)P levels increase endocytosis of EGFR 115 Discussion 118 References 123 논문개요 134-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent5107944 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc600-
dc.titleControl of PtdIns-4P levels at the plasma membrane through H_(2)O_(2)-dependent reversible inactivation of 4-phosphatase activity of Synaptojanin 2-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.creator.othernameJo, Su In-
dc.format.pagex, 135 p.-
dc.contributor.examiner이서구-
dc.contributor.examiner우현애-
dc.contributor.examiner배수한-
dc.contributor.examiner권재열-
dc.contributor.examiner강동민-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 생명과학과-
dc.date.awarded2015. 2-
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