여성 결혼이민자의 보건교육 요구도에 관한 연구

Abstract

This study is to understand the difference in the demand for health education by the characteristics of female marriage immigrants. The survey was conducted with 200 subjects by visiting Multi-cultural Family Support Centers, Community Centers, Health Centers, Agricultural Technology Centers, Nong Hyups, and hyper markets, and except for the 15 untrustworthy copies, 185 copies were analyzed. The study tool was social demographic characteristics(nationality before marriage, age, length of stay in Korea, educational level, job, average monthly household income, Korean language skill(speaking, reading, and writing)), health-related characteristics (individual health and health behavior), health education experience and interest level, and health education method & contents demand (61 questions in 4 categories). Collected data was analyzed with PASW Statistics 22.0 for the frequency, percentage, average & standard deviation, χ2-test, t-test, and one-way ANOVA statistic methods. Here is the result. The pre-marriage nationality of the subjects were Vietnam(40.5%), Philippines(28.1%), China(18.4%), and others(13.0%); average age was 31.37; average length of stay in Korea was 5.97years; and the high-school graduates were the most(47.6%). The highest monthly average income was KRW 1 - 2 million(37.8%) while Korean language skill was 46.5%, 46.5%, and 49.% respectively for the speaking, reading, and writing. 53.5% didn't have experience in health education and there was meaningful statistic difference by nationality(p<.01) and length of stay in Korea(p<.01). The interest in health education was 'High' with 71.3% and there was meaningful statistic difference by nationality(p<.001), age(p<.01), and length of stay in Korea(p<.01). The most favored method for health education was 'Lecture’ with 43.3%, and there meaningful statistic difference by nationality(p<.05), interest in health(p<.05), regular checkup(p<.01), level of physical activity(p<.01), and regular diet(p<.01). The most favored education venue was 'Multi-cultural Family Support Center' with 46.5% and there was difference by nationality(p<.001), age(p<.05), length of stay in Korea(p<.001), regular checkup(p<.01). The most preferred education hour(for 1 lecture) was 'around an hour' with 49.7% and there was difference by nationality(p<.001), age(p<.001), length of stay in Korea(p<.001), interest in health(p<.05), weather to drink alcohol(p<.05), experience in health education(p<.05), and level of interest in health education(p<.01). The most favored frequency of education was '1 - 2 times/month' with 45.9% and there was difference by nationality(p<.01), age(p<.001), level of interest in health education(p<.05). The most preferred lecturer was 'professional health teacher' with 51.4% and there was meaningful statistic difference by nationality(p<.01), age(p<.01), regular checkup(p<.05), regular diet(p<.01), and level of interest in health education(p<.05). The demand of subjects for health education was average 4.08, and the question reliability coefficient was 0.981. By the categories, there was difference in demand by the order of family health management(4.45), chronic disease management(4.27), nutritious management(4.24), infant care(4.22), communicable disease management(4.19), dental health(4.07), reproductive health(4.04), mental health(3.63), and life habit(3.60), and by the questions, there was high demand for family health management(4.48), medical checkups(4.48), and how to use medical institutes(4.39). For the demand for contents, there was meaningful statistic difference by nationality(p<.001), age(p<.001), length of stay in Korea(p<.001), interest in health, regular checkup, disease experience in the past 2 years, weather to smoke, level of physical activity, and experience & concern on health education. This study shows that there is difference in demand for health education by the characteristics of female marriage immigrants. Reflecting the demand of subjects, the education is more effective so it is essential to develop a health education program according to the characteristics in order for the health education for improved health.;본 연구는 여성 결혼이민자의 특성에 따른 보건교육 요구도 차이를 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 연구를 위해 경기도 안성시에 위치한 다문화가족지원센터, 마을회관, 보건소, 농업기술센터, 농협, 마트 등을 직접 방문하여 연구대상자 기준에 부합한 200명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 시용하여 조사를 실시하였으며, 응답이 불성실한 설문지 15부를 제외한 185부를 분석하였다. 연구도구는 대상자의 인구사회학적 특성(결혼 전 국적, 연령, 한국 거주기간, 교육수준, 직업, 월 평균 가구소득, 한국어 실력(말하기, 읽기, 쓰기)), 건강 관련 특성(개인 건강, 건강행태), 보건교육 경험 및 관심도, 보건교육 방법 및 내용 요구도 총 4개 영역 61문항으로 구성하였다. 수집된 자료는 PASW Statistics 22.0 통계 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, χ2-test, t-test, 일원분산분석(ANOVA)의 통계기법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 연구대상자의 결혼 전 국적은 베트남 40.5%, 필리핀 28.1%, 중국 18.4%, 기타 국가 13.0%이었으며, 평균 연령 31.37세, 평균 한국 거주기간 5.97년, 교육수준은 고등학교 졸업이 47.6%로 가장 높았다. 월 평균 가구소득은 ‘100만원 이상 200만원 미만’ 37.8%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 한국어 실력(말하기·읽기·쓰기)은 ‘보통’ 수준이 각 46.5%, 46.5%, 49.2%로 나타났다. 보건교육 미경험율은 53.5%이었으며 보건교육 경험 여부는 국적(p<.01), 거주기간(p<.01)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 보건교육 관심도는 ‘관심 많음’이 71.3%로 높게 나타났고 국적(p<.001), 연령(p<.01), 거주기간(p<.01)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 대상자가 선호하는 보건교육 방법은 ‘강의’가 43.3%로 가장 높게 나타났으며 국적(p<.05), 건강에 대한 관심(p<.05), 정기적인 건강검진(p<.01), 운동 정도(p<.01), 규칙적인 식습관(p<.01)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었고, 선호하는 교육장소는 ‘다문화가족지원센터’가 46.5%로 가장 높게 나타났으며 국적(p<.001), 연령(p<.05), 거주기간(p<.001), 정기적인 건강검진(p<.01)에 따라 차이가 있었다. 적절한 교육시간(1회당)은 ‘1시간 내외’가 49.7%로 높게 나타났으며 국적(p<.001), 연령(p<.001), 거주기간(p<.001), 건강에 대한 관심(p<.05), 음주 정도(p<.05), 보건교육 경험(p<.05), 보건교육 관심도(p<.01)에 따라 차이가 있었다. 또한 적절한 교육횟수는 ‘월 1~2회’가 45.9%로 높게 나타났으며 국적(p<.01), 연령(p<.001), 보건교육 관심도(p<.05)에 따라 차이가 있었다. 선호하는 교육강사는 ‘전문 보건교육사’가 51.4%로 가장 높았으며 국적(p<.01), 연령(p<.01), 정기적인 건강검진(p<.05), 규칙적인 식습관(p<.01), 보건교육 관심도(p<.05)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 대상자의 보건교육 내용 요구도는 평균 4.08점이었으며, 문항 신뢰도 계수는 0.981이었다. 영역별로 가족 건강관리(4.45점), 만성질환 관리(4.27점), 영양관리(4.24점), 영유아 관리(4.22점), 감염병 관리(4.19점), 구강보건(4.07점), 생식보건(4.04점), 정신보건(3.63점), 생활습관(3.60점) 순으로 요구도가 높게 나타났으며, 문항별로 가족 건강관리(4.48점), 건강검진(4.48점), 의료기관 이용방법(4.39점)의 요구도가 높게 나타났다. 내용 요구도는 국적(p<.001), 연령(p<.001), 거주기간(p<.001), 건강에 대한 관심, 정기적인 건강검진, 지난 2주간 유병 경험, 흡연 여부, 운동 정도, 보건교육 경험 및 관심도에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 여성 결혼이민자의 특성에 따라 보건교육 요구도에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 대상자의 요구도가 반영되었을 때 교육효과가 높게 나타나기 때문에 건강증진을 위한 보건교육의 전략으로 여성 결혼이민자의 특성에 적합한 보건교육 프로그램을 개발할 필요가 있다.