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dc.contributor.advisor서은경-
dc.contributor.author김달아-
dc.creator김달아-
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-26T04:08:20Z-
dc.date.available2016-08-26T04:08:20Z-
dc.date.issued2014-
dc.identifier.otherOAK-000000084496-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/211032-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.ewha.ac.kr/jsp/common/DcLoOrgPer.jsp?sItemId=000000084496-
dc.description.abstractTAp63α는p53유전자의 일원으로서 여성생식세포에 과발현 되어 있으며, DNA손상 시 난모세포 사멸을 유도한다. 방사선에 의한 TAp63α의 인산화는 세포사멸과 굉장히 밀접하게 연관되어 있으나, 아직까지 p63을 매개로 한 난모세포 사멸에 대한 메커니즘은 명확히 알려진 바가 없다. 일반적으로 ATM은 DNA 손상 반응 경로에서 중심적인 역할을 하는 키나아제(kinase)로 알려져 있다. Part I에서는 ATM활성이 TAp63α S/TQ 위치를 인산화 시키는데 필요함을 밝혔고, 해당 위치는 N-terminal domain이 아닌 C-terminal domain에 존재하는 T483 및 T528위치일 가능성이 높음을 제시한다. 또한 Np63у는 TA domain이, TAp63α는 C-terminal이 결여되어 있는데 흥미롭게도 이 두 isoform 모두 인산화가 일어나지 않았다. 위의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 키나아제 인식은 N-terminal에 존재하는 TA domain을 필요로 하며, 또한 키나아제가 C-terminal에 존재하는 S/TQ 위치를 인산화시킨다는 DNA 손상반응 모델을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 메커니즘을 통해 TAp63α는 암 억제인자의 기능을, Np63α는 종양유전자로서 기능을 가진다는 것을 설명할 수 있었다. 출생 후의 난모세포는 DNA손상에 굉장히 민감하다고 알려져 있다. 놀랍게도 출생 전의 난모세포에는 배아시기 14(Embryonic day 14)에 자발적으로 수백 개의 DNA 이중가닥 절단(DNA double-strand breaks; DSBs)이 발생된다. 이러한 현상은 감수분열 재조합에 있어 필수적인 단계이지만, 극심한 DNA 손상에도 불구하고 많은 양의 난모세포가 어떻게 살아남을 수 있는지에 대하여는 알려진 바가 없다. 세포사멸을 유도하는 TAp63α는 E17.5부터 발현이 시작되는데, Part II에서는 P0.5(Postnatal 0.5) 난모세포에는 감수분열에 의한 DNA 손상에 남아있음에도 불구하고 TAp63α가 발현되고 있음을 규명하였으며, 한편P0.5난모세포는 P5 난모세포와는 달리 방사선에 의한 인산화가 결여되어 있고, у-H2AX foci형성 또한 약하였던 바, P0.5와 P5의 DNA 손상반응 정도가 서로 다르다는 메커니즘을 제시하였다. 또한 p63 발현 레벨과 DNA domain binding기능이 TAp63α인산화 유도에 있어 중요하다는 사실을 규명하였다. 출생 전 난모세포가 DNA손상에 저항성을 가진다는 메커니즘은 방사선 치료 혹은 화학요법으로 인해 발생되는 여성 암환자의 불임을 막을 수 있는 새로운 전략을 제시한다. ;TAp63α which is a p53 homologue, is highly expressed in female germ cells and is an important regulator of cell death induced by DNA damage. IR-induced TAp63α phosphorylation is tightly linked with cell death. However, the mechanism by which p63-mediates oocyte death is unclear. ATM is known to be a central kinase in DNA damage response pathway. In part I, I demonstrated that ATM activity appears required for IR-induced TAp63α S/TQ motif phosphorylation, not at the N-terminal S/TQ sites, but at C-terminal T483 and possibly T528 sites. Interestingly, however, not only Np63α lacking the N-terminal domain but also TAp63у lacking C-terminal Sterial alpha motif (SAM) and Transcripotional Inhibitory Domain (TID) fail to be phosphorylated upon IR. These results together suggest a model in which kinase binding requires the TA domain in the N-terminus of TAp63α for phosphorylation at the S/TQ motif in the C-terminus. This mechanism may explain why TAp63α and Np63α which is a p63 isoform lacking N-terminal TA domain have opposite functions as a tumor suppressor and oncogene, respectively. In part II, I examined apparent differences in DNA damage sensitivity of postnatal meiotically-arrested dictyate oocytes and prenatal predictyate stage oocytes undergoing meiotic recombination. Predictyated oocytes withstand several hundred meiotic DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) formed at embryonic day 14 (E14). How oocytes could survive such severe levels of deleterious DSBs remains unclear. Interestingly, I found TAp63α expression which appears around E17.5, is initiated at low levels in oocytes, whether or not they have totally repaired meiotic DNA DSBs. By P0.5, I found oocytes prior to dictyate arrest are deficient in inducing TAp63α phosphorylation, unlike dictyate arrested P5 oocytes, and they weakly form у-H2AX foci upon IR. These results suggest P0.5 and P5oocytes have different DNA damage responses. I found TAp63α expression level and DNA binding function are important factors for TAp63α phosphorylation upon DNA damage. I suggest these mechanisms of TAp63α phosphorylation regulation have important implications for preventing radiation or chemo-therapy induced infertility in women.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsPARTⅠ 1 ABSTRACT 2 INTRODUCTION 4 MATERIALS & METHODS 17 Mice, irradiation, ovary tissue preparation 17 Cell culture 17 Chemical treatment of ovaries in vitro 18 p63 DNA constructs for lentiviral-mediated gene transfer 18 Lentivirus preparation and viral transduction or gene transfection 20 Calf intestinal phosphatase treatment of cell lysates 20 SDS-PAGE immunoblotting 21 RESULTS 22 DNA damage induces TAp63α phosphorylation in TAp63 α-expressing cells 22 ATM activity is required for IR-induced TAp63αphosphorylation 26 Blocking ATM activity restores oocyte death after IR 29 Lack of all S/TQ motifs strongly attenuates IR-induced TAp63 phosphorylation 32 DNA damage-induced TAp63α phosphorylation requires the TA domain 34 Irradiation-induced TAp63α phosphorylation and destabilization are unaffected by mutagenesis of S/TQ motifs in the N-terminal TA-domain. 37 Irradiation-induced TAp63α phosphorylation requires C-terminal domains but does not affect p63 destabilization. 40 DISCUSSION 44 PART Ⅱ 50 ABSTRACT 51 INTRODUCTION 52 MATERIALS & METHODS 59 Mice, irradiation, ovary tissue preparation 59 Oocyte and у-H2AX foci quantitation 59 Chemical treatment of ovaries in vitro 60 Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry 60 Ovary or cell lysates and Western blotting 61 Lentivirus transduction and calcium phosphate transfection 62 TAp63α mutant cloning 63 λ-phosphatase treatment of ovaries 64 Two dimensional gel electrophoresis 65 RT-PCR analysis 65 Data analysis 66 RESULTS 67 Newborn oocytes may initiate TAp63α expression before complete meiotic DNA DSB repair 67 Newborn oocytes endure у-radiation treatment that leads to cell death in dictyate P5 oocytes 71 Newborn oocytes fail to induce TAp63α phosphorylation despite high dose IR treatment 75 IR- induced weak formation of у-H2AX foci in newborn oocytes compared with P5 oocytes 79 A Calyculin A-sensitive Ser/Thr protein phosphatase downregulates IR-induced αphosphorylation in both newborn and P5 dictyate oocytes 85 High level TAp63α expression causes TAp63α high shift phosphorylation 89 TAp63α DNA binding domain is required for TAp63α high shift phosphorylation 93 DISCUSSION. 96 CONCLUSION 103 REFERENCES 106 APPENDIX 122 국문초록 123 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 125-
dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent7778287 bytes-
dc.languageeng-
dc.publisher이화여자대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc600-
dc.titleThe mechanism of p63-mediated oocyte death during female germline development-
dc.typeDoctoral Thesis-
dc.format.pagexi, 129 p.-
dc.identifier.thesisdegreeDoctor-
dc.identifier.major대학원 생명과학과-
dc.date.awarded2014. 2-
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