國民學校 兒童의 營養攝取 實態와 成長發育에 關한 硏究

Abstract

國民學校 兒童들의 營養攝取實態를 알아보고 이 實態와 成長發育과의 關係를 밝혀 보았다. K私立國民學校 5學年 男女 各各 100名씩 200名에게 兒童의 一般環境實態를 알아보기 위한 質問紙를 配付하여 써 오도록 했으며 營養攝取實態 調査紙에는 6日동안의 것을 記入하도록 했다. 營養攝取實態를 營養素別로 分析하여 統計를 냈다. 成績은 4學年末成績의 平均으로 했으며 5學年初 身體檢査結果의 身長 體重으로 身體充實指數를 算出하여 成長發育의 基準으로 삼았다. 여기에서의 統計處理는 百分率法과 CR.t.F 검증方法을 使用하였다. 그 結果 밝혀진 內容을 간추리면 다음과 같다. 1. 調査對象者의 一般環境實態 ① 兄弟數는 大部分이 2~3名이었다. ② 乳兒期에는 約 50%의 兒童이 母乳에 의하여 養育되었으며 約 35%가 7~12 個月에 離乳되었다. ③ 食事時間은 60~70%가 規則的이며 不規則的인 理由는 아침食事時間이 너무 이르기 때문이라는 것이 제일 많았다. ④ 兒童의 家庭의 月 總收入은 10萬~30萬원이 全體의 75%이었고 食生活費는 그中 20~29%를 차지하고 있었다. ⑤ 嗜好에 있어서 主食에서는 잡곡밥, 副食에서는 쇠고기, 間食에서는 과일·과즙을 제일 좋아하고 있었다. 2. 營養攝取實態 ① 모든 營養素에 있어서 섭취량이 勸?量보다 낮았으며 특히 칼슘, Vitamin B2 가 제일 낮았다. ② 熱量攝取量의 構成比는 炭水化物:蛋白質:脂肪이 63:16:21 이었다. ③ 食品 總攝取量中 動物性 食品의 比率은 20~24%가 제일 많았다. ④ 總蛋白質中 動物性蛋白質의 比率은 46% 이었다. ⑤ 總攝取量을 食品群別로 보면 穀類가 52%로 首位를 차지하였다. ⑥ 아침:점심:저녁:간식의 攝取量比率은 24:25:27:24로 나타났다. 3. 相互關係를 살펴본 結果 意義있게 나타난 것은 다음과 같다. ① 熱量攝取量과 成長發育과의 關係 ② 蛋白質攝取量과 成長發育과의 關係 ③ 食事時間의 規則與否와 成長發育과의 關係 ④ 授乳期間과 成績間의 關係;With the object of the study in every possible correlation between daily food intake and growth rate of primary school students, aged eleven years old. The author distributed prepared questionnaires through 200 children of 5th grade in both sexes in K private primary school, Seoul. Specific objects of this study were included following three points : such as daily food intake records for six days. · daily food intake records for six days. · school records of sample children at the end of 4th grade. · physical growth index calculated by means of weight and height of sample children at the first part of the 5th grade. CR. t. F. test as well as percentage calculations were included for statistical analysis. The result of this study were as follows: 1. For the living circumstances a) Average numbers of brother and sister in sampled family were two to three. b) Approximately 50% of the children were brought up by mother's milk at their infants and about 35% of children were weaned at the abe of 7 to 12 months. c) Thirty to forty percent of the respondents revealed irregulity in their meal time due to early school tims in the morning. d) Monthly income of children's family distributed 40 to 500 thousand Won among whole sample families. 75% of respondents were included at the range of 100 - 300 thousand Won, Their average expenditure for daily food reached 20 to 29% out of total incoms. e) The most favorite foods reflect as follows: The most favorite main dish is boiled rice mixed with other cereals and side dish beaf. Fruits and juice are more popular snack among whole children. 2. Nutrition survey a) The calcium and thiamine were the most limited factors out of daily nutrients consumption. b) The total calory intake were composed of carbohydrate 63%, protein 16% and fat 21% respectively. c) The total food intake were composed of 20 to 24% of animal source of foods and 76 to 80% of plant source of foods (vegetable, grains, fruits). d) The total protein intake were composed of 46% of animal protein and 54% of others. e) The grain stuffs consumed in the largest quantity at the level of 50% out whole food groups. f) Twenty four percent of total food intake came from snack between meal time. 3. The result of statistical analysis were as follows: a) The correlation between the calory intake and physical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of P < 0.001. b) The correlation between the protein intake and physical growth index revealed statistical signi ficancy at the level of P < 0.001. c) The correlation between the meal time and physical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of 0.02 <P < 0.005. d) The correlation between the period of the lactation and their school record revealed statistical significancy at the level of P < 0.01.