兒童의 選擇的 注意發達에 관한 연구

Abstract

本 硏究는 7,9,11세 아동을 대상으로 認知的 成長의 知覺的 側面에서 본 選擇的 注意의 發達경향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 本 硏究에서는 適應的인 좋은 知覺-注意 體系가 가져야 할 속성들을 제시하고. 아동의 注意 體系가 점차적으로 注意 경험과 일반적 認知 成長의 함수로서 이러한 理想에 접근하는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 本 硏究의 피험자는 7, 9, 11세 아동들로서 각 20명씩 총 60명이 표집되었다. 統制에 관한 실험에서는 3 (연령)×2(지시)의 요인설계를 사용하였고, 適應性에 관한 실험에서는 3(연령)×2(과제)의 요인설계를 사용하였다. 統制에 관한 실험에서는 색깔-지시가 統制된 選擇的 注意와 選擇的 菲注意에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여. 2가지조건(표준, 색깔-지시)에서 2가지 차원의 속성(모양, 색깔)에 대한 정확한 기억을 각 연령별로 측정하였다. 適應性에 관한 실험에서는 아동의 適應的인 注意 能力을 살펴보기 위하여, 각 연령 수준에서 두 과제(체계적, 비체계적)에 대한 正答率(정답수/반응시간)의 차이를 측정하였다. 절차는 두 실험 모두 學習段階를 거쳐 실제검사를 실시하였다. 자료처리는 統制에 관한 실험에서는 모양과 색깔에 대한 요인별(연령, 지시) 평균점수를 구한후, 要因別 變量分析을 통해 意義度를 검증하였다. 適應性에 관한 실험에서는 요인별(연령.과제)평균 정답률을 구한후, 要因別 變量分析을 통해 意義度를 검증하였다. 硏究結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 아동기에 있어서, 연령이 증가함에 따라 適切한 情報에 대한 統制된 選擇的 注意 能力이 발달하였다. 2. 아동기에 있어서, 연령이 증가함에 따라 不適切한 情報에 대한 統制된 選擇的 菲注意 能力이 발달하였다. 3. 아동기에 있어서, 연령이 증가함에 따라 융통성있는 適應的인 注意 能力이 발달하였다. 本 硏究는 이러한 結果를 바탕으로 한국 아동의 選擇的 注意 能力이 연령이 증가함에 따라 점차 理想的인 知覺-注意體制를 향해 발달하는 경향이 있음을 규명하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.;This is to study the development tendency of the selective attention seen from the perceptive aspect of cognitive growth with children of 7 , 9, 11 years of age as the subject. Present what properties a good, adaptive attentional system ought to have, and the examine that the child's system increasingly tends to resemble this ideal as a function of attentional experience and general cognitive growth. The properties of the ideal perceptional-attentional system presented in this study are as follows: first, the capability of directing and controlling the deployment of their own attention, and second, the capability to exploit and deploy the attentional system in a flexible, situation-contingent, adaptive fashion. The subject of this study in children of 7, 9 , 11 years of age, total 60 children,20 respectively. In the experiment on control, the primary factor plan of 3(age) X 2(instruction) was used and in the experiment on adaptability, the primary factor plan of 3(age) x 2 (task) was used. In the experiment on control, to examine the effect of color-instruction on selective attention and selective inattention, the correct memory on the features (shape, color) of the two dimension was measured at each age level. In the experiment on adaptability, to examine the adaptive attentional capability of children, the difference of correct answer percentage (the number of correct answer/response time) of two task (blocked, unsystematic) was measured at each age level. In both experiments, the procedure consisted of the actual test preceded by the learning phase. As for the treatment of data in the experiment on control, average score for each factor (age, instruction) on the shape and color was used to test the significant level through analysis of variance. In the experiment on adaptability, the correct answer percentage for each factor was employed to test the significant level through analysis of variance. The results of this experiment are as follows: 1. In childhood, as the age increases, the capacity for controlled selective attention to relevant information developed. 2. In childhood, as the age increases, the capacity for controlled selective inattention to irrelevant information developed. 3. In childhood, as the age increases, the flexible adaptive attentional capability developed. The contribution that this study makes is that a tendency prevalent in Korean children, the gradual development with age toward the ideal perceptional-attentional system, was elucidated on the basis of the experiment results contained in this study. This is to study the development tendency of the selective attention seen from the perceptive aspect of cognitive growth with children of 7 , 9, 11 years of age as the subject. Present what properties a good, adaptive attentional system ought to have, and the examine that the child's system increasingly tends to resemble this ideal as a function of attentional experience and general cognitive growth. The properties of the ideal perceptional-attentional system presented in this study are as follows: first, the capability of directing and controlling the deployment of their own attention, and second, the capability to exploit and deploy the attentional system in a flexible, situation-contingent, adaptive fashion. The subject of this study in children of 7, 9 , 11 years of age, total 60 children,20 respectively. In the experiment on control, the primary factor plan of 3(age) X 2(instruction) was used and in the experiment on adaptability, the primary factor plan of 3(age) x 2 (task) was used. In the experiment on control, to examine the effect of color-instruction on selective attention and selective inattention, the correct memory on the features (shape, color) of the two dimension was measured at each age level. In the experiment on adaptability, to examine the adaptive attentional capability of children, the difference of correct answer percentage (the number of correct answer/response time) of two task (blocked, unsystematic) was measured at each age level. In both experiments, the procedure consisted of the actual test preceded by the learning phase. As for the treatment of data in the experiment on control, average score for each factor (age, instruction) on the shape and color was used to test the significant level through analysis of variance. In the experiment on adaptability, the correct answer percentage for each factor was employed to test the significant level through analysis of variance. The results of this experiment are as follows: 1. In childhood, as the age increases, the capacity for controlled selective attention to relevant information developed. 2. In childhood, as the age increases, the capacity for controlled selective inattention to irrelevant information developed. 3. In childhood, as the age increases, the flexible adaptive attentional capability developed. The contribution that this study makes is that a tendency prevalent in Korean children, the gradual development with age toward the ideal perceptional-attentional system, was elucidated on the basis of the experiment results contained in this study.