한국 중등학교 교육실습 실태에 관한 연구

Abstract

본 논문의 연구목적은 우리나라 중등학교의 교육실습 현장에서 교육실습을 직접 담당하고 있는 교육실습 지도교사의 의견을 통하여 교육실습 운영실태를 분석하고, 합리적이고 효율적인 교육실습의 개선방안을 제시해 보고자 하는데 있다. 연구의 방법은 교육실습에 관한 이론적 배경을 문헌중심으로 고찰하였고, 실습학교의 교육실습생 지도계획서 등을 참고한 질문지를 본 연구자가 제작하여 그 질문지를 토대로 실습학교 교육실습 지도교사들과 면접하였다. 그 대상은 서울시내에 소재하고 있는 중·고등학교 20개교를 임의 표집하여 면접한 자료를 문항 별로 빈도(F)와 백분율(%)을 산출하여 결과를 분석하였다. 이상의 연구절차에 의거하여 얻은 결과를 기초로 하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 교과 및 학급담당 지도교사는 교육실습 지도위원회를 구성하여 엄격한 기준에 따라 협의하여 선정할 것이 요구된다. 2. 교육실습생 지도계획은 각 대학의 교육실습 지침서를 참고하여 학년 초에 실습학교 교육실습 담당계에서 주관하여 계획하고, 실습학교의 물리적인 여건이 부족한 실정이므로 충분한 환경시설, 교구, 교육자료 등을 마련해 주는 것이 시급하다. 3. 사전준비과정(Orientation)에서 가장 역점을 두는 것은 교직에 대한 사명감 인식이며, 참관과 실제 수업시간의 기회를 늘여주기를 희망하고 있다. 4. 교육실습생 평가는 평가항목 별로 관계된 교사와 담당부서에서 평가하거나, 교육실습 지도위원회를 구성하여 종합적으로 평가할 것이 요구된다. 5. 교육실습으로 인하여 교사자신에게 주는 가장 좋은면의 영향은 교직생활의 반성을 위한 좋은 기회가 된다는 것이고, 가장 나쁜면의 영향은 학생들의 수업진도에 지장이 있다는 것이며, 중등학교 학생들에게 주는 가장 좋은면의 영향은 학교행사에 도움이 된다는 것이고 가장 나쁜면의 영향은 학습태도가 해이해 진다는 것이다. 6. 실습학교 자체내의 협력으로는 학교장과 교과 및 학급담당 지도교사의 열성은 적극적인 편이나, 후배양성이라는 측면에서 더욱 적극적이고 세심한 배려가 요구되며, 실습학교와 대학과의 협력으로는 대학의 지도교수가 교육실습생 대표수업에 참관하는 정도라도 이루어지기를 바라는 실정이고, 대학 교수의 실습학교 방문을 통한 지도·조언은 교육실습생 사기진작에 도움이 된다는 것이다. 이상과 같은 연구결과에 비추어 교육실습의 내실화를 위해서는 교육개혁 심의위원회에서 제안한 바 있는 시보교사(수습교사) 제도의 활용방안 등이 보다 구체적으로 논의되어야 하며, 우리나라 실정에 맞는 실천방안이 더욱 연구되어야 하겠다.;The goal of this paper is to analyze the actual operating conditions of teaching practices in Korean middle schools through the opinions of teachers who are actually guiding the students in teaching practice-classes, and also is to provide an effective and rational method for the improvement in teaching practices. The method of this study was to examine the theoretical backgrounds of teaching practices, based on the existing literatures, and this researcher prepared the questionnaire-sheets after referring to the guiding plans of practice-schools and so on. And based on these questionnaire-sheets. I made interviews with the practice-guiding teachers. Through a random sampling method, 20 middle and high schools, which are located in Seoul city, were selected as the target of this study, and the data from those interviews were calculated into frequency(F) and percentages(%) according to each question, consequently the results from those calculations were examined and analyzed. Based on the results obtained from the process mentioned above, following conclusions could be made; 1. When selecting the teachers for the subjects and classes, by organizing a committee for teaching practise, careful selection of teachers according to strict criteria is required. 2. As far as the guiding plans for the practicing students were concerned, they should be planned at the starting of a semester under the supervision of the parties who are in charge of teaching practices, and by taking into consideration the fact that the physical conditions of practicing schools are not currently satisfactory enough, supply of enough environment-facilities, teachers and teaching materials are urgently required. 3. At the time of orientation, they stress the most importance on the sense of duty related to teaching professions, and they hope that more opportunities for class visiting and actual class-hours would be provided. 4. As far as the evaluation of the practicing students was concerned, it is required that the students are evaluated by the teachers and concerned partied who are related to the each evaluation-item or they are collectively evaluated through organizing a guidance-committee for teaching practise. 5. The most positive impact for the teachers through guiding the practicing-classes will be to provide the teachers with the opportunities to reconsider themselves and the worst impact will be that the progress of classwork can be hindered by the practicing-classes. As far as the school-students were concerned, the practice classes can be helpful to holding events of the school (the most positive or best impact), and the students become undisciplined in their class-attending attitudes (the worst or most negative impact). 6. As far as the cooperations within the practicing schools were concerned, the attitudes of school-principals and teachers in charge of the subjects and classes were enthusiastic, however, in terms of fostering younger generations and juniors, more careful and aggressive attitudes will be required. And also as far as the cooperations between practicing schools and universities were concerned, they hope that their guiding professors in their university would visit a representative class of the practicing students. and of the university professors could advise and guide the practicing students through visiting the practicing-schools this would be a great help to enhance the morale of the teaching practicing-students. Viewed from the study results mentioned above, for the purpose of insuring the substantiality of teaching practices, application of internship system, which has been mentioned by the Educational Reform Council, should be discussed in detail, and also practical methods, which can fit for the actual conditions of Korea, should be examined and studied further.