兄第數와 兒童의 性格特性間의 相關硏究

Abstract

本 硏究는 한자녀 兒童과 多子女 兒童의 性格特性을 比較 分析함으로써 家庭의 構造的 特徵즉 兄弟의 有無에 따라 한자녀와 多子女間의 性格特性에 있어서 어떤 類似性과 差異 있으며, 그들간에 性格과 行動에 어떠한 特徵이 存在하는지를 밝혀내려는 것을 目的으로 하고 있다. 이에 따라 本 硏究의 主要問題는 한자녀 男子兒童과 多子女 男子兒童, 한자녀 女子兒童과 多子女 女子兒童, 한자녀 全體集團과 多子女 全體集團, 한자녀 男子兒童과 한자녀 女子兒童, 多子女 男子兒童과 多子女 女子兒童間의 性格特性을 比較, 分析하였다. 이를 위한 硏究의 方法은 調査硏究로서 서울特別市에 소재하는 國民學校 2個校에서 4, 5, 6學年에 在學하고 있는 한자녀 兒童과 多子女 兒童 200 名을 임의로 표집하여 「調査者」 檢査紙」와 「國民學校用 家庭環境診斷檢査(정 원식, 서울 : 코리안테스팅쎈타)」를 使用하여 2次에 걸쳐 事前檢査를 實施하였다. 두가지 事前檢査를 거치는 동안 環境이 서로 비슷한 兒童들만을 最終的으로 표집하여 한자녀 아동 49명(男 : 31명, 女 : 18명), 多子女 兒童 64명(男 : 30명, 女 : 34명), 총 113名을 對象으로 「國民學校用 高學年用 性格診斷 檢査(李 相魯, 邊 昌鎭, 陳 渭敎, 서울 : 中央適性出版社)」를 實施하여 원점수를 T점수로 환산하여 그 結果를 각 集團別 , 性格特性別 로 평균치(M)와 표준편차(SD)를 산출하였고, 두 集團間 의 差의 유의도를 t 檢證하였다. 硏究의 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 한자녀 男子兒童은 多子女 男子兒童보다 安定性(P〈.01), 사회성(P〈.05),이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 2. 한자녀 女子兒童과 多子女 女子兒童間의 性格特性 比較에서는 통계적으로 有意差가 發見되지 않았다. 3. 한자녀 全體集團과 多子女 全體集團間의 比較에서는 한자녀 全體集團이 多子女 全體集團보다 思慮性(P〈.05)이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 4. 한자녀 男子兒童과 한자녀 女子兒童間의 性格特性 比較에서는 한자녀 女子兒童이 한자녀 男子兒童보다 活動性(P〈.01)이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 5. 多子女 男子兒童과 다자녀 女子兒童間의 性格特性 比較에서는 多子女 女子兒童이 多子女 男子兒童보다 安定性(P〈.01), 社會性(P〈.05), 男向性(P〈.05)이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 각 集團間의 性格特性要因은 集團間에 따라 나타나는 양상은 다르나, 兄弟의 有無에 따른 한자녀 兒童과 多子女 兒童 사이에는 性格上 커다란 차이를 찾아볼 수 없었다. 그러나 全體的으로 볼 때 큰 差異는 아니지만, 한자녀 兒童들이 多子女 兒童들 보다 더 좋은 性格을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다.;The purpose of this study is to make it clear the similarities and the differences of personalities between the only children and the none only children by analyzing and comparing the traits of their personalities. Also, this study is to make it clear that what kind of traits exists in their personalities and actions according to what group they belong to. In this thesis, the term "only child" means a child who has no brothers and sisters, and "none only child" means a child who has at least 2 brothers or sisters in their families. So according to the main subject of this study, this study compares and analyze the meaningful traits of personalities between the group of only male children and none only male children, the group of only female children and none only female children, the whole group of only children and none only children, the group of only male children and only female children, the group on none only male children and none only female children. The method is inquiry study, so this study randomly selects 200 only and ·none only children in the 4th, 5th and 6th grade in2 elementary schools in Seoul, and executes precedent test 2 times by using "Inquirer's test sheet" and "Family Circumstances Diagnosis Test for the Elementary School Students/written by CHUNG Won-sik , Seoul: Korean Testing Center." In the process of these two precedent tests, this study collects 49 only children (male: 31, female: 18) and 64 none only children (male:30, female:34) and executes "Personality Test for the Elementary School Students/written by CHUNG Bum-mo, Seoul :Korean Testing Center" and "Personality Diagnosis Test for the Upper Grade Elementary School Students/written by LEE Sang-ro, BEYN Chang-jin, JIN Wi-gyo, Seoul: Central Aptitude Publishing Co." to the total of 113 children. By doing so, finding out one hundred percentage point to the starting point in the corresponding criterion sheet, exchanging that point to the T-marks, yielding Mean (M) and Standard Declination (SD) by each group and traits of personalities by using the result of T-marks and finally executes t-test in order to verify the meaningulness of the differences between the two groups. Summaries of the results are : 1. The emotional stability (p < .01) and the sociability (p < .05) of the only male children are higher than those of the none only male children. 2. In comparison of the traits of the personalities of the only female children and the none only female children, there was no significant difference. 3. In comparison of the whole group of only children and none only children the group of only children marked higher score than none only children in reflectiveness (p < .05) 4 .In comparison of the only male children and the only female children, the score of the only female children is higher than the only male children in General Activity (p < .01). 5. In comparison of the trails of the personalities of the none only male children and the none only female children, the none only female children responed with higher score in Emotional stability (p<.01), Sociability (p < .05) and Masculinity(p < .05) than the none only male children. From these above results, this study concludes that the decisive factor of the traits of the personalities of each group varies from groups to groups Although there was no significant difference between the only children and the none only children in their traits on personalities, the personalities of the only children are better than that of the none only children with a slight significance.