韓國 官僚組織內의 性差別 問題에 對한 硏究

Abstract

儒敎的 倫理의 잔영이 강한 韓國에서는 性이 勞動을 한정하는 基準으로 받아들여져 왔다. 他分野에서의 여성의 직업참여를 先導하고 雇傭에 있어서 性平等化를 위해 선구적 역할을 해온 公務員 組織內에서 조차 職務配置 基準으로 性이 작용하여 男性과 同一한 업무가 존재하지 않는 남성우위의 사고가 社會關係에 널리 퍼져있어 性別 差等과 不平等을 조장하고 있고, 또한 性差別의 주요한 根源이 되고 있다. 다시 말해서 組織은 性에 근거하여 階層制的 秩序를 형성하는 성차별구조로 묘사되고 이는 다시 사회의 계급구조와 중첩되어 組織은 성차별 구조인 동시에 階級構造인 것이다. 그런데 단순히 組織의 目標 規則 構造에 초점을 둔 기존의 組織硏究들은 이러한 差別現象을 설명하지 못하고 또 組織에서의 女性의 地位가 같은 조직에서 남성의 지위와 다르다는 사실을 설명하지 못할 뿐 아니라 또 組織內 여러 가지 權力現象을 설명하지 못한다. 이에 대해 本 稿에서는 대안을 모색하는 바 總體性(Totality) 개념에 입각한 組織硏究를 주창하는 批判 組織理論을 검토한다. 즉 組織內의 權力構造가 어떻게 巨視的인 社會構造內의 權力構造와 관련되어 있는가? 또는 女性과 男性間의 社會的 分業이 組織속에 어떻게 반영되어 나타나는가를 밝힌다. 따라서 組織을 보다 광범위한 사회적 脈絡下에 構造的으로 구체화된 것임을 강조하고, 조직내의 女性差別이 단순히 組織內의 問題만이 아닌 歷史, 社會, 文化脈絡에서 理解되어야 할 뿐만 아니라 한편 理念批判을 통해 이러한 虛鐵意識을 드러내야 할 것이다.;This paper will consider the position of Women in organization, in particular women in Korean Bureacracy. I shall argue that traditional sociological approaches to organizations are inadequate in accounting for the Phenomenon of discrimination and for the persistent that women's position in organization differ from that of men In the same organization. Only radically revised forms of organization theory can account for various phenomena of power in organization, which cannot really be explained or analysed simply in terms of organizational goals , rules or structures. Because, power in organization is distributed pyramidally in accordance with the formal structure of the organization. Women in organization will end to be clustered as lower-level participants, we have described organization as sexist structure. We have stressed how in society generally the sexual divisions of social structure overlay the class structure. They are not only sexist structures, but also class structure. So, the challenge to organization theory is to penetrate beneath the surface appearance of empirical world, and reveal the deep structure of forces which account for the naturel existence, and ongoing transformation of organizations within the total world situation. The challenge suggest that the study of such phenomena must be kinked to the wider mode of societal organization to which they give detailed empirical content and form. Hence, In dealing with the problem of sexim and female inequtiy, it is necessary to go outside any organization theory in order to situate the organization and Its structural and ideo-logical features in the macro-social context which it inhabits. I shall use this short study of women's place in organization to show that (a) women are at a disadvantage in relation to men in most organization (b) organization theory cannot account for the differential treatment and experience of the sexes unless its traditional assumptions about existence rationale and fumctioning of organizations are critically reassessed (c) even a modified and sophis ticated organizational approach must be supplemented by a sociological grasp of extra organizational influence on organiza-tional practice. Women's position in any organization is inseparable from women's position in society. In otherwords, A critical organization theory overcomes resistance, and therefore can be practical, is through what is called ideology-critique and an integral part of a critical organization theory s the demonstration of exactly in what ways the ideologies of the social actors are illusions, with the ideas that such a demonstration will strip these ideology of theires of their power, it tries to show men how they have been deceived.